2D-layered inorganic nanomaterials (2D-LIN) for adsorptive mitigation of heavy metals: a next-generation contender for purification of textile effluent

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dc.creatorNag, Somrita
dc.creatorDas, Riyanka
dc.creatorPal, Rajeshwari
dc.creatorMondal, Moumita
dc.creatorBanerjee, Priyabrata
dc.date2025-09-29
dc.date2025-11-07T08:50:35Z
dc.date2025-11-07T08:50:35Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T04:10:43Z
dc.descriptionThe textile industry, despite being a cornerstone of global manufacturing and a major contributor to economic growth, is a leading source of environmental pollution, especially via effluents containing toxic heavy metals such as Pb2⁺, Cd2⁺, Cu2⁺, and Cr⁶⁺. These contaminants pose serious ecological and health threats due to their non-biodegradable and bio-accumulative nature. While conventional physical, chemical, and biological methods have been employed for wastewater treatment, adsorption has emerged as the most promising due to its operational simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high removal efficiency under diverse environmental conditions. In this context, two-dimensional layered inorganic nanomaterials (2D-LINs) have garnered significant attention as next-generation adsorbents. Their exceptional properties, such as high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and hydrophilicity, enable efficient capture of heavy metals even under adverse conditions. However, despite growing interest, research on the practical application of 2D-LINs for textile effluent treatment remains fragmented and underdeveloped. This review comprehensively consolidates recent advances in the development and application of 2D-LINs, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), transition metal carbides (MXenes), transition metal oxides (TMOs), and other variants such as LDH, h-BN, g-C₃N₄, and graphene oxide for the adsorptive removal of heavy metals from textile wastewater. Mechanistic insights into adsorption, material-specific performance metrics, kinetic and isotherm behaviours, and recyclability are critically analysed. The review also identifies key bottlenecks, such as pH sensitivity, regeneration limitations, and scalability challenges, and provides strategic recommendations for designing field-viable, surface-functionalized 2D-LIN architectures. By bridging current research gaps and highlighting future directions, this review aims to guide material scientists and environmental engineers toward the rational development of efficient and sustainable heavy metal mitigation technologies tailored to the textile industry.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/177672
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/24103
dc.languageen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.rightsLimited Access
dc.sourceNag, Somrita, Riyanka Das, Rajeshwari Pal, Moumita Mondal, and Priyabrata Banerjee. "2D-layered inorganic nanomaterials (2D-LIN) for adsorptive mitigation of heavy metals: a next-generation contender for purification of textile effluent." Emergent Materials (2025): 1-49.
dc.subjecttextile industry
dc.subjectindustrial wastewater
dc.subjectheavy metals
dc.subjectadsorption
dc.subjectwastewater treatment
dc.subjectnanomaterials
dc.subjectenvironmental pollution
dc.subjectwater purification
dc.title2D-layered inorganic nanomaterials (2D-LIN) for adsorptive mitigation of heavy metals: a next-generation contender for purification of textile effluent
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación del Arroz (IRRI)