Financing On-Site Sanitation for the Poor : A Six-Country Comparative Review and Analysis
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The present study offers evidence on
alternative financing approaches for on-site household
sanitation from case studies in six countries: Bangladesh,
Ecuador, India, Mozambique, Senegal, and Vietnam. This
evidence can help identify the best-performing approaches
and the relevant factors and issues to consider in designing
a sanitation financing strategy. The study systematically
compares alternative financing approaches based on a set of
common indicators, including in terms of the effectiveness
in the use of public funds and targeting. The team chose to
focus on those projects recognized as successes to obtain a
reasonable representation of the better practices in
sanitation programs. The study identified a number of useful
examples and tentative lessons about finance which should
help to advance the design of sanitation finance at the
outset of a project. Replicating such experiences will
require a better understanding of what drives household
investment and what the key constraints limiting such
investment are, in both financial and non-financial terms.
The sanitation challenge continues to grow with population,
as does the cost of failing to meet it. This study is a
worthwhile contribution to addressing the challenge of how
to pay for sanitation.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCESS TO WATER, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE FINANCING, BANK LOAN, BENEFITS OF SANITATION, BORROWING, CAPITAL COST, CAPITAL COSTS, CESSPITS, CLEANLINESS, COMMUNITY TOILETS, CONNECTIONS, COST OF ACCESS, COST SHARING, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COST-SHARING, CREDIT GROUP, CREDIT SCHEMES, CREDIT SUPPORT, CROSS-SUBSIDIES, DEMAND FOR SANITATION, DIARRHEA, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, DONOR SUPPORT, DRAIN, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENTREPRENEURS, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, EVALUATION CRITERIA, EXCHANGE RATES, EXCLUSION, EXPENDITURE, EXTERNAL FINANCING, EXTERNALITIES, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FINANCES, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, FINANCIAL REWARD, FINANCIAL REWARDS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FLUSH TOILET, GOOD SANITATION, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, HOME IMPROVEMENT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENT, HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENTS, HOUSEHOLD SANITATION, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN EXCRETA, HYGIENE EDUCATION, HYGIENE PROMOTION, INADEQUATE SANITATION, INCIDENCE OF DISEASES, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INITIAL INVESTMENT, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, LACK OF SANITATION, LATRINE, LATRINE CONSTRUCTION, LATRINES, LIMITED ACCESS, LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL, LOAN APPLICANTS, MEDIA CAMPAIGNS, MICROCREDIT, MICROFINANCE, MONIES, O&M, OPERATING COSTS, PIT LATRINES, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, PRIVATE FUNDS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PROVISION OF ACCESS, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, PUBLIC SUBSIDIES, PUBLIC SUBSIDY, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REPAYMENTS, REVOLVING FUND, REVOLVING FUNDS, SANITATION, SANITATION ACCESS, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION FACILITY, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, SANITATION OPTIONS, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION PROJECTS, SANITATION PROMOTION, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SOLUTIONS, SANITATION STRATEGIES, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SANITATION TAX, SAVINGS, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL OF HYGIENE, SELF-FINANCING, SEPTIC TANK, SEPTIC TANKS, SEWER CONNECTION, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE NETWORKS, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SITE SANITATION, SMALL LOANS, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOURCE OF FUNDS, SOURCES OF FINANCE, SOURCES OF FUNDS, START-UP, TAX, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, TOILET, TOILETS, TOLL, TOTAL SANITATION, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRUE, UNION, UNIONS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN COVERAGE, URBAN SANITATION, USERS, UTILITIES, VILLAGE, VILLAGES, WASHING, WATER SUPPLY, WATER TARIFFS, WEALTH, WORKING CAPITAL