Economic Development As Opportunity Equalization

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dc.creatorRoemer, John E.
dc.date2013-09-26T19:57:21Z
dc.date2013-09-26T19:57:21Z
dc.date2013-07
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:55:39Z
dc.descriptionEconomic development should be conceived of as the degree to which an economy has implemented an efficient and just distribution of economic resources. The ubiquitous measure of GDP per capita reflects a utilitarian conception of justice, where individual utility is defined as personal income, and social welfare is the average of utilities in a population. A more attractive conception of justice is opportunity-equalization. Here, a two-dimensional measure of economic development is proposed, based upon viewing individuals incomes as a consequence of circumstances, effort, and policy. The first dimension is the average income level of those in the society with the most disadvantaged circumstances, and the second dimension is the degree to which total income inequality is due to differential effort, as opposed to differential circumstances. This pair of numbers is computed for a set of 22 European countries. No country dominates all others on both dimensions. The two-dimensional measure induces a partial ordering of countries with respect to development.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/07/18006010/economic-development-opportunity-equalization
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15888
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6530
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413066
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6530
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABSTINENCE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectDATA SET
dc.subjectDATA SETS
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCOUNTED VALUE
dc.subjectDISPOSABLE INCOME
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC INEQUALITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectFREE WILL
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectHORIZONTAL DISTANCE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD HEAD
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
dc.subjectHUMAN WELFARE
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DATA
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURE
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURES
dc.subjectLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLOW INCOMES
dc.subjectMEASURING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNET INCOME
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectOUTPUT PER CAPITA
dc.subjectPARETO EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectPERSONAL INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC AFFAIRS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectRACIAL DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectREDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SPENDING
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRANSFER PAYMENTS
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.titleEconomic Development As Opportunity Equalization

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