Diagnostics and Policy Advice on the Integration of Roma in the Slovak Republic
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Washington, DC
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This report is meant to support the
Slovak Government in its efforts to address the exclusion of
the Roma by offering evidence-based policy advice. The
assessment relies on three main sources of information.
First, it takes advantage of the 2011 United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/EC regional Roma
survey, described, which is the most comprehensive survey
effort to date to capture the situation of marginalized Roma
in Central and Eastern Europe. It also includes information
from the 2010 survey by UNDP, done specifically on Slovak
Roma at the request of the ministry of labor, social
affairs, and family. The results on comparable indicators
from both surveys are very similar. Second, this report
relies on qualitative information, collected through field
visits in Eastern Slovakia and through interviews with key
stakeholders from the Slovak Government and from civil
society. And third, each of the chapters highlights relevant
international experiences from which Slovak policy
formulation on Roma integration can benefit. Many of the
international examples and best practices from integrating
poor and marginalized communities elsewhere provide reasons
to be optimistic that Roma integration does not have to be a
distant goal for Slovakia. The remainder of this report
provides an overview of the assessment of the situation in
five sectors and in two cross-cutting areas, followed by
specific policy recommendations in each. These five sectors
are: (1) employment and social protection, (2) financial
inclusion, (3) education, (4) housing, and (5) health, while
the cross-cutting areas are (6) monitoring and evaluation,
and (7) use of EU financing instruments. One critical area
beyond the scope of this report is the ability of the Slovak
legal and judicial system to successfully protect the rights
of all citizens, including the courts, issues of legal aid,
as well as law enforcement issues. Recently, a much
discussed court ruling in Eastern Slovakia held school
segregation as illegal. More of such cases may emerge,
especially in light of the 2007 ruling against school
segregation by the European Court of Human Rights in
Strassbourg. While important, these are all beyond the scope
of this report.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AGE GROUP, BANKING SERVICES, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC NEEDS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILD CARE, CITIZENS, COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN, CORPORATE TAX, CORPORATE TAXES, COUNSELING, DEBTS, DEMOGRAPHIC, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASES, DOWNWARD BIAS, DRINKING WATER, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMICS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY SIZE, FAMILY SIZES, FEMALE EDUCATION, FERTILITY, FINANCIAL BENEFITS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, GENDER GAP, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENERATION OF CHILDREN, GLOBAL POVERTY, GOVERNMENT BONDS, GROWTH RATES, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH IMPACTS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPECIALIST, HEALTH WORKERS, HOSPITALISATION, HOSPITALIZATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, IMPACT EVALUATIONS, INCOME, INCOME TAX, INCOME TAXES, INCOMES, INFANT, INFANT DEATHS, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOBS, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LABOR COMPENSATION, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SHARE, LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET, LAW ENFORCEMENT, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL LABOR MARKETS, LOW EMPLOYMENT, MALE WORKER, MARKET CONDITIONS, MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS, MINORITY, MOBILE PHONE, MORTGAGES, MULTIPLIER EFFECT, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NEWBORN, NEWBORN CHILD, NUTRITION, OCCUPATION, OPEN SOCIETY, OUTPATIENT SERVICES, OUTPUT, OUTPUT GAP, PENSION, PENSIONS, POLICY FORMULATION, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION AGE STRUCTURE, POPULATION DYNAMICS, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER PARITY, PREGNANCY, PRESENT VALUE, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC AFFAIRS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITATIVE INFORMATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REGIONAL POLICY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL QUALITY, SCHOOL YEARS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS, SEX, SKILLED LABOR, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL FUND, SOCIAL INCLUSION, SOCIAL ISSUES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WORKERS, TAX, TAX RATES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRACK RECORD, TRAINING COURSES, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE LEVELS, WAGES, WOMAN, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKER