Transforming Arab Economies : Traveling Knowledge and Innovation Road, Overview
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Washington, DC
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Over the past decade, some countries of
the Middle East and North Africa region have spurred
economic growth and improved their global competitiveness by
taking the first steps in the direction of the knowledge
economy. The World Bank Group focuses on Arab societies that
deepen their commitment to reforms in four key policy areas:
developing more open and entrepreneurial economies,
preparing a better-educated and skilled population,
improving capabilities for innovation and research, and
expanding information and communication technologies. The
success of a knowledge-economy strategy depends on
coordinated progress on all four fronts, with bold
approaches tailored to each country's challenges and
opportunities. This report includes chapters organized into
three main parts. Part 1 presents the rationale and approach
for the transition to the knowledge- and innovation-driven
economy. Part 2 describes the policies to be implemented in
key areas of the knowledge economy: governance, education,
innovation, and information and communication technology.
Part 3 discusses economic diversification initiatives that
can help countries make the most of their knowledge-economy
investments. The three annexes to this report review the
literature on the relationship between the knowledge economy
and job creation in the Middle East and North Africa region,
provide insights on a series of country experiences from
across the world in developing knowledge-based development
strategies, and survey knowledge-economy issues in several
Arab countries and highlight policy initiatives that are
adapted to their specific country circumstances.
Palabras clave
ACADEMIC RESEARCH, ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, AGENTS, AGRICULTURE, AID PROGRAMS, AUTOMOBILE, BACKBONE, BOUNDARIES, BROADBAND, BROADBAND CONNECTIONS, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS COMMUNITY, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS FORMATION, BUSINESS LEADERS, BUSINESS PLANS, BUSINESS SECTOR, BUSINESSES, CAPABILITIES, CAPABILITY, CHANGE AGENTS, CITIES, COLLABORATION, COLLABORATIONS, COMMERCE, COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNITIES, COMPARATOR COUNTRIES, COOKIE, COPYRIGHT, CORE COMPETENCIES, CRITICAL THINKING, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS BARRIERS, DECENTRALIZATION, DECISION MAKERS, DIASPORA NETWORKS, DIGITAL AGE, DOMAINS, E-GOVERNMENT, E-MAIL, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE, EQUIPMENT, EXISTING KNOWLEDGE, EXPORT MARKETS, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISHERIES, FOOD PRICES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, GEOGRAPHIC REGION, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, GLOBALIZATION, GROWTH PATH, GROWTH STRATEGIES, GROWTH STRATEGY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, ICT, IDEAS, INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INFORMATION SOCIETIES, INFORMATION SOCIETY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, INNOVATION POLICY, INNOVATION PROGRAM, INNOVATION STRATEGY, INSIGHTS, INSTITUTION, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION, INVENTIONS, INVESTMENT IN KNOWLEDGE, KNOW HOW, KNOW-HOW, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES, KNOWLEDGE REVOLUTION, LABORATORIES, LEADING, LEARNING, LIABILITY, LICENSES, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, LITERACY RATE, MANAGERIAL SKILLS, MANUFACTURING, MARKET DEMAND, MATERIAL, MEDIA, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, MOBILE PHONE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NETWORKS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, OUTSOURCING, PARADIGM SHIFT, PARTICIPATORY APPROACH, PERFORMANCES, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, PORTALS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PROCESS OF INNOVATION, PRODUCT INFORMATION, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROJECT EVALUATION, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUERIES, R&D, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESULTS, RETURN ON INVESTMENT, SITES, SKILLED LABOR, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL TRANSITION, SUPERVISION, TARGETS, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES, TECHNOLOGY PARKS, TECHNOLOGY POLICIES, TELECOMMUNICATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEDENSITY, TELEPHONE, THINK TANKS, TRAINING SYSTEMS, TRANSLATION, UNIVERSITIES, USE OF KNOWLEDGE, USERS, VALUE CHAINS, VARIETY, VISION, WEB