Streamlining Non-Tariff Measures : A Toolkit for Policy Makers
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This volume is organized as follows.
Chapter one discusses the newly revamped non-tariff measure
(NTM) classification system, the data collection effort so
far, and the key characteristics of the data. It also
highlights the private-sector view that NTMs should support
domestic firms' competitiveness across countries.
Chapter two describes the analytics of an NTM review, step
by step through the key questions, for example, is there a
market failure, which market is affected, what are the costs
of regulatory action vs. the risks of deregulation, and
explains how to answer these questions and how to go about
quantification when it is possible. Chapter three focuses on
the institutional setup and key principles required to
successfully pursue the streamlining of regulations. Since
the mid-1990s, developed countries have introduced new
regulatory approaches aimed at improving the quality of the
decision-making process by enhancing both the analytical
framework used by policy makers and the participation of
interested parties in the regulatory process. Finally,
chapters four and five provide practical examples of
streamlining NTMs. Chapter four overviews selected
experiences with tackling the trade regulatory agenda at
both country and regional levels. Chapter five presents case
studies on streamlining NTMs, including technical regulation
and prohibition, particularly illustrating the analytics
that may support the review process. Finally, NTM reviews
should be seen as part of national competitiveness agendas
rather than as concessions to trading partners. When NTMs
are perceived by the domestic private sector as hampering
access to key inputs, business regulatory reviews should
naturally lead to NTM reviews. Joint use of the triangle of
products will facilitate the adoption by governments of
coherent national competitiveness strategies centered on the
reduction of trade costs.
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AFFECTING IMPORTS, AGREED TARIFF CONCESSIONS, AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, ANIMAL WELFARE, ANTI-DUMPING MEASURES, APPAREL, APPELLATE BODY, APPELLATE BODY REPORT, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BENEFITS OF TRADE, BURDEN OF PROOF, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPITAL GOODS, CIVIL SOCIETY, COMMERCIAL POLICY, COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, COMMON MARKET, COMPETITION PRINCIPLES, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS OF FIRMS, COMPLAINING PARTY, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES, CONSUMER CONFIDENCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, COUNTERVAILING DUTIES, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS FORMALITIES, CUSTOMS UNION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING NATIONS, DEVELOPING REGIONS, DISGUISED RESTRICTION, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, DISTRIBUTION SERVICES, DOMESTIC GOODS, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC ORIGIN, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DUMPING, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUROPEAN UNION, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, EXPORT LICENSES, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT PROCESSING, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE, EXPORT RESTRAINTS, EXPORT RESTRICTIONS, EXPORT VALUE, EXPORTERS, EXPORTING COUNTRIES, EXPORTING COUNTRY, EXPORTS, FINAL GOODS, FOREIGN FIRMS, FOREIGN MARKET, FOREIGN PRODUCTION, FOREIGN TRADE, FOREIGN TRADE LAW, FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS, GLOBAL TRADE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, IMPORT BANS, IMPORT LICENSING, IMPORT LICENSING REQUIREMENTS, IMPORT MEASURES, IMPORT REGIME, IMPORTED PRODUCTS, IMPORTING COUNTRY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGENDA, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES, JOINT VENTURE, LEGAL RULES, LEGAL SYSTEMS, LOBBYING, MARKET ACCESS, MOST FAVORED NATION, MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION, MULTILATERAL RULES, MULTILATERAL SYSTEM, MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT, MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, NATIONAL TREATMENT, NATIONAL TREATMENT BASIS, NON-TARIFF BARRIER, NTBs, OPEN REGIONALISM, OPENNESS, PANEL REPORT, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY TOOL, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PRESENT VALUE, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY, PROTECTION MEASURES, PROTECTIONISM, PROTECTIONIST, PROTECTIONIST MEASURES, PUBLIC POLICY, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, RECOGNITION OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT, REGIONAL AGREEMENTS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT, REGULATORY REFORM, REGULATORY REGIMES, RISK MANAGEMENT, RULES OF ORIGIN, SAFETY REGULATIONS, SAFETY STANDARDS, SHOPS, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOURCING, TARIFF BINDING, TARIFF CONCESSIONS, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TARIFF-RATE QUOTA, TECHNICAL BARRIERS, TECHNICAL REGULATION, TERMS OF TRADE, TRADE AGENDA, TRADE ALERT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE CENTER, TRADE CONTROL MEASURES, TRADE COSTS, TRADE DATA, TRADE EFFECTS, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FINANCE, TRADE IN GOODS, TRADE IN SERVICES, TRADE LAW, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE OBJECTIVES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REVIEW, TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM, TRADE REGULATION, TRADE SYSTEM, TRADE VALUE, TRADE VALUES, TRADE VOLUME, TRADE WARS, TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT, TRADING SYSTEM, UNDERLYING ISSUES, UNJUSTIFIABLE DISCRIMINATION, WORLD PRICES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION