"Small Miracles" --Behavioral Insights to Improve Development Policy
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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One of the most fruitful advances in
modern economics has been the introduction of psychological
realism into the model of "economic man." The
World Development Report 2015 organizes the evidence about
how humans actually think and make decisions into a coherent
framework useful for designing development policy. This
paper elaborates on the three principles of human thinking
that constitute the report's intellectual framework:
Human thinking is dual process -- automatic as well as
deliberative (thinking automatically); it is conditioned by
social context and the salience of social identities
(thinking socially); and it is shaped by mental models that
are socially constructed (thinking with mental models).
Behavioral insights create scope for policy interventions
that produce "miracles" from the perspective of
traditional economics.
Palabras clave
ACHIEVEMENT, AGED, AGGRESSIVE, ANXIETY, ATTENTION, ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS, AUTISM, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT, BEHAVIORS, BELIEFS, BEST PRACTICES, CATEGORIZATION, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD SURVIVAL, CIVIL SOCIETY, CLASSROOMS, COGNITIVE SCIENCE, COLLEGES, COMMON SENSE, COMMUNITIES, COMPETENCE, COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT, CRIME, DECISION MAKING, DECISION-MAKING, DEMAND FOR EDUCATION, DISCIPLINES, DISCUSSIONS, DISENGAGEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL CAREER, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EFFICIENT COORDINATION, EMOTION, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT, ETHICS, EXAM, EXERCISES, FAMILIES, FEMALE EDUCATION, GENDER, GIRLS, HEALTH CARE, HEURISTICS, HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, HUMAN RESOURCES, IDEA, IDEAS, INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, INSIGHTS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LAWS, LEADERSHIP, LEADING, MARKETING, MENTAL CONSTRUCTS, MENTAL MODELS, MORTALITY, NATURAL SCIENCES, OPEN ACCESS, PAPERS, PATIENTS, PERCEPTION, PERSONALITY, PHYSICIANS, POST-SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS, PRACTITIONERS, PRIMING, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY, PSYCHOLOGISTS, PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, QUALITY SCHOOLS, REASONING, RESEARCHERS, RITUALS, RULES OF THUMB, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SMOKING, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL FABRIC, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL IDENTITY, SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, STUDENT PERFORMANCE, TEACHER, TEACHERS, TEXTBOOKS, THERAPY, THINKING, UNDERGRADUATES, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, VIOLENCE, YOUTH