Water, Sanitation and Children’s Health : Evidence from 172 DHS Surveys
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This paper combines 172 Demography and
Health Survey data sets from 70 countries to estimate the
effect of water and sanitation on child mortality and
morbidity. The results show a robust association between
access to water and sanitation technologies and both child
morbidity and child mortality. The point estimates imply,
depending on the technology level and the sub-region chosen,
that water and sanitation infrastructure lowers the odds of
children to suffering from diarrhea by 7-17 percent, and
reduces the mortality risk for children under the age of
five by about 5-20 percent. The effects seem largest for
modern sanitation technologies and least significant for
basic water supply. The authors also find evidence for the
Mills-Reincke Multiplier for both water and sanitation
access as well as positive health externalities for
sanitation investments. The overall magnitude of the
estimated effects appears smaller than coefficients reported
in meta-studies based on randomized field trials, suggesting
limits to the scalability and sustainability of the health
benefits associated with water and sanitation interventions.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER, ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACCESS TO WATER, BASIC SANITATION, BASIC WATER SUPPLY, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, BENEFITS OF SANITATION, BETTER HYGIENIC PRACTICES, BULLETIN, CHILD DEATH, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHILDHOOD DIARRHOEA, CHOLERA, CHOLERA EPIDEMIC, CONNECTIONS, DEATHS OF CHILDREN, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASE, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FAMILY MEMBERS, FLUSH TOILET, FLUSH TOILETS, FORMAL EDUCATION, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY, GROUND WATER, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISK, HEALTH RISKS, HELMINTHES, HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION, HIV, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE, HYGIENE BEHAVIOR, HYGIENE EDUCATION, HYGIENE EDUCATION PROGRAMS, ILLNESS, IMMUNE SYSTEM, IMPACT OF POPULATION, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, INADEQUATE WATER, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERVENTION, INVESTMENTS IN SANITATION, JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, LACK OF WATER, MALARIA, MARITAL STATUS, MEASLES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY DECLINE, MORTALITY RATES, MORTALITY REDUCTION, MORTALITY REDUCTIONS, MORTALITY RISK, MOTHER, NEW INFECTIONS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, PERSONAL HEALTH, PERSONAL HYGIENE, PIT LATRINE, PIT LATRINES, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION STUDIES, PREMATURE DEATH, PROGRESS, PUBLIC FACILITIES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH IMPROVEMENTS, PUBLIC LATRINE, PUBLIC LATRINES, PUBLIC SANITATION, PUBLIC STANDPIPES, PUBLIC TAP, PUBLIC WATER, QUALITY OF WATER, RADIO, RESOURCE FLOWS, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL RESIDENCE, RURAL VILLAGES, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SANITATION, SANITATION ACCESS, SANITATION ASSESSMENT, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION INVESTMENT, SANITATION INVESTMENTS, SANITATION TECHNOLOGY, SCHISTOSOMIASIS, SEWAGE SYSTEMS, SIBLINGS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE ACCESS, TRANSPORTATION, TUBERCULOSIS, TV, URBAN AREAS, USE OF WATER, VACCINATION, WASTE, WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER POINT, WATER QUALITY, WATER SANITATION, WATER SECTOR, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLY, WELLS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG AGE