Using Forests to Enhance Resilience to Climate Change : What Do We Know About How Forests Can Contribute to Adaptation?
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Washington, DC
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The global dialogue surrounding the
United Nations framework convention for climate change has
focused on two strategies for addressing challenges
associated with climate change: (1) mitigation (reducing the
accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere);
and (2) adaptation (reducing the vulnerability of societies
and ecosystems to the impacts of climate change). Forests
feature in both of these strategies. The role of forests as
stores of carbon and therefore in reducing GHG emissions has
been captured in the efforts associated with reducing
emissions from deforestation and degradation and enhancing
carbon stocks (REDD+). The report points to how forests will
respond to climate change, and advocates strengthening the
ability of institutions to deliver on sustainable forest
management, which will help with the resilience of forest
systems. This working paper presents a review of relevant
work on forests and the services, and the use of forests and
trees in adaptation. The paper starts with a brief
discussion about climate change. It also provides a
conceptualization of how to link forest services with their
use for adaptation (more specifically, ecosystem-based
adaptation). This report is structured as follows: chapter
one gives introduction; chapter two focuses on climate
change; chapter three presents vulnerability and climate
change adaptation; chapter four introduces the
ecosystem-based adaptation; chapter five deals with forests
and adaptation; and chapter six gives conclusions and way forward.
Palabras clave
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, ADJACENT ECOSYSTEMS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURE, AIR, ALTITUDE, AMAZON FOREST, ANIMAL SPECIES, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE, ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GASES, ATMOSPHERE, BASINS, BENEFICIAL VALUES, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BROOKS, BUFFERING CAPACITY, CARBON, CARBON CYCLING, CARBON STOCKS, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE VARIATION, CLIMATES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CO2, COAST, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL EROSION, COASTAL WETLANDS, COASTAL ZONE, COASTAL ZONES, COMMERCIAL VALUE, CONSERVATION POLICIES, CONSTRUCTION, CONVERGENCE, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, CROPS, CUMULATIVE IMPACTS, DAMS, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADED FORESTS, DEGRADED LAND, DESERTIFICATION, DESERTS, DOWNSTREAM POPULATIONS, DOWNSTREAM WATERS, DROUGHT, DRY FOREST, DRY FORESTS, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION, ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION SCENARIOS, EMISSION-REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, EROSION, EROSION CONTROL, ESTUARINE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, FILTRATION, FISH, FISH STOCK, FISH STOCKS, FISHERIES, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD HAZARDS, FLOOD WATERS, FLOODING, FLOODPLAINS, FLOODPRONE AREAS, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST, FOREST CATEGORIES, FOREST COMMUNITIES, FOREST CONSERVATION, FOREST CONVERSION, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST ECOSYSTEM, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST FIRE, FOREST FIRES, FOREST FRAGMENTATION, FOREST GOVERNANCE, FOREST GROWTH, FOREST PLANTATION, FOREST POLICY, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST SECTOR, FOREST SENSITIVITY, FOREST STRUCTURE, FOREST SYSTEMS, FOREST TYPES, FORESTRY, FORESTRY ACTIVITIES, FORESTRY SYSTEMS, FORESTS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FRESH WATER, FRUIT, FRUITS, GHG, GLACIERS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL PRECIPITATION, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GASES, HABITATS, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HUMIDITY, HURRICANES, HYDROLOGICAL FOREST, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INSECT PESTS, INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, INVASIVE SPECIES, IPCC, LAND COVER, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LAND USES, LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPES, LIVELIHOODS, LOGGING, LOW EMISSIONS SCENARIO, MANGROVE FORESTS, MANGROVES, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, MITIGATION, MONSOONS, MOUNTAINOUS AREAS, NATIVE SPECIES, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURE, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITROGEN, NITROGEN FIXATION, NUTRIENT CYCLING, NUTRIENT LEVELS, NUTRIENTS, PLANNING PROCESS, PLOTS, POLLUTANTS, PP, PRECIPITATION, PRECIPITATION EVENTS, QUALITY OF WATER, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINFALL EVENTS, RAINY SEASON, RANGES, REGIONAL CLIMATE, RESTORATION, RIVER, RIVER BASINS, RIVERINE, ROLE OF FORESTS, RUNOFF, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEDIMENT, SEDIMENT RETENTION, SEDIMENTATION, SEDIMENTS, SENSITIVITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, SOIL EROSION, SOIL MOISTURE, SOLAR POWER, SOLAR RADIATION, SPECIES COMPOSITION, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION, SPECIES DIVERSITY, STORMS, STREAM, SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SURFACE TEMPERATURES, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TEMPERATURE, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, TIBETAN PLATEAU, TIMBER FOREST, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, TOPOGRAPHY, TREE SPECIES, TROPICAL CYCLONES, TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS, TROPICAL FOREST, TROPICAL FORESTS, TROPICAL MANGROVE FORESTS, TROPICAL RAINFOREST, TROPICAL REGIONS, TROPICAL STORMS, TROPICS, UPLAND FORESTS, VEGETATION, WATER QUALITY, WATERSHED, WATERSHEDS, WAVE ACTION, WAVES, WETLAND, WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS, WILDLIFE, WIND, WINDS