Unlocking Global Opportunities : The Aid for Trade Program of the World Bank Group
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Aid for trade is a means to help
developing countries, especially low-income countries,
integrate into the world economy as a way to spur growth.
The recent financial crisis and global recession have, if
anything, made aid for trade more urgent. Trade worldwide is
likely to contract in 2009. It has become a main channel
through which recessionary impulses from the United States
and Europe are transmitted to developing countries. But
these forces will sooner or later reverse: when growth does
resume, trade is likely to be a leading source of demand.
Helping countries to take full advantage of the global
recovery, whenever it comes, has become a priority for
rekindling growth, as well as sustaining rising incomes into
the future. The aid-for-trade program of the World Bank
Group, as with other donors, is multifaceted. It goes beyond
concessional lending commitments to low-income countries
(the conventional definition used by the OECD/WTO). It also
involves World Bank non-concessional trade-related lending
to middle-income countries. Promoting trade-led growth in
middle-income countries creates market opportunities for
neighboring low-income countries, to say nothing of the
benefits such opportunities entail for trade creation
worldwide. Moreover, investments by the World Bank's
private sector arm, the International Finance Corporation
(IFC), in private sector activities can also generate trade
and growth by expanding productive capacity in tradable
goods. IFC private investments in the financial sector have
also been instrumental in overcoming crisis induced
constraints on trade finance. Finally, focusing solely on
financial flows would miss the important role of policy
advice and technical assistance embodied in studies and
capacity-building efforts of donors.
Palabras clave
ACCESS BARRIERS, ACCESS TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ADB, ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE, AGRICULTURE, AIRPORTS, AUDITS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, BALANCE SHEETS, BANK LENDING, BANK LOANS, BANKS, BARRIERS TO COMPETITION, BILATERAL TRADE, BOND, BOND MARKET, BONDS, BORDER CROSSINGS, BORDER MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS CLIMATE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT, CLIENT COUNTRIES, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMODITIES, COMMON MARKET, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, COST OF TRANSPORT, COSTS OF TRANSPORT, CREDITS, DEBT, DEBT RELIEF, DEFICITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DISTANCE LEARNING, DIVIDENDS, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EMPLOYMENT, EQUITY INVESTMENT, EQUITY INVESTMENTS, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT BASE, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKET, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, EXPORTS, FAIR TRADE, FARMERS, FINANCE CORPORATION, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FIXED COSTS, FLOATING RATE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN MARKET, FOREIGN MARKETS, FREE TRADE, GDP, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBALIZATION, IMPORT TARIFFS, INCENTIVE REGIMES, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOMES, INDIVIDUAL FIRMS, INEFFICIENCY, INFORMATION SERVICES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE COST, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INFRASTRUCTURES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT, INSURANCE, INSURANCE AGENCY, INTERNAL BARRIERS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK, ITC, JUDICIAL REFORM, LABOR MARKET, LAWS, LDCS, LEGISLATION, LIQUIDITY, LONG-TERM FINANCE, LOW TARIFFS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET STRUCTURE, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MIGRATION, MOBILE PHONE, MOTOR VEHICLES, MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT, MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NEW MARKET, NEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES, NEW MARKETS, NEW PRODUCTS, NONPERFORMING LOANS, OUTPUT, POLITICAL RISK, POLITICAL RISK INSURANCE, PORT AUTHORITIES, PORTFOLIO, PRICE CONTROLS, PRICE INCENTIVES, PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, PRIVATE INVESTORS, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, QUALITY OF TRANSPORT, RAIL, RAILWAYS, RAPID GROWTH, RECESSION, RED TAPE, REFORM PROGRAM, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRANSPORT, REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY REGIMES, REGULATORY SYSTEMS, REMOTE AREAS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISK PREMIUM, ROAD, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD SYSTEM, ROAD USERS, ROADS, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SHAREHOLDER, SOCIAL DEMANDS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SPECIALIZED INFRASTRUCTURE, STOCK MARKET, SUBSIDIARY, TARIFF BARRIERS, TAX, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE FINANCE, TRADE FINANCING, TRADE POLICY, TRADE VOLUME, TRADITIONAL MARKET, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSIT, TRANSIT SYSTEM, TRANSIT TRADE, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT FACILITATION, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT OPERATORS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, TRAVEL SPEEDS, TRAVEL TIME, TRUCKS, TRUE, TRUST FUNDS, UNION, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OPERATING, VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS, VENTURE CAPITAL, WORKING CAPITAL, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO