Metabolic dynamics of primary reserves during germination and early growth of cultivated Brazil nut tree genotypes.
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Given the reduced resilience of the Amazon rainforest due to deforestation, identifying high-quality genetic markers for the propagation of native species is crucial for forest regeneration. This study investigated metabolic dynamics during Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) germination to identify biochemical markers for selecting superior genotypes. We analyzed primary reserves (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) and minerals in two genotypes, 606 and Santa Fé, in seven germination stages. Our results revealed distinct metabolic patterns. Genotype 606 showed 101.73% greater efficiency in the transient accumulation of starch, 34.86% higher degradation of lipids, and 34.86% higher transitory synthesis of soluble proteins. Conversely, Santa Fé was 16.8% more efficient in amino acid synthesis and 795.33% in boron compartmentalization, though less so in sucrose (2.17%) and in lipid synthesis (24.84%). Overall, early germination stages involved starch, sucrose degradation and mineral consumption. During post-germinative stages, protein and lipid degradation likely fueled gluconeogenic pathways and supported carbohydrate synthesis and seedling growth. This work increases the knowledge on Brazil nut germination physiology and identifies metabolic markers that differentiate genotypes. These findings are fundamental for our understanding of primary metabolism turnover in B. excelsa and provide a basis to support forest restoration and genetic improvement programs. In addition, we hope to contribute to the selection of superior high-performance genotypes, which are essential for recovering degraded areas and enhancing productive plantations in the Amazon region.
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Metabolic turnover, Germination physiology, Seed biochemistry, Fisiologia da germinação, Castanha-do-Pará, Bioquímica de sementes, Germinação, Semente Florestal, Bioquímica Vegetal, Bertholletia Excelsa, Marcador Genético, Amazonia, Biochemistry, Seed germination, Seeds