Mexico : Land Policy--A Decade after the Ejido Reform
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Washington, DC
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This study aims to assess the extent to
which reforms have actually been implemented, the impact
they have had on the rural population, and the challenges
which, as a consequence, need to be addressed by the new
administration. This report is organized as follows: Section
1 describes Mexico's rural economy. It reviews the
broad context of macro, trade, and sector-level reforms, the
strengths and weaknesses of both the productive and
socio-economic structure of agriculture and the social
sector, highlighting in particular the socio-economic and
natural resource characteristics that make the ejido sector
central to Mexico's development. Section 2 details the
rationale behind the 1992 legal reforms intended to to end
almost a century of politically motivated interventions in
the internal structure of te ejido and improve the
functioning of land and labor markets in the social sector.
This section reviews the way reforms were implemented, the
procedural safeguards adopted to prevent abuse, and the
advances, both in terms of numbers as well as impact, made
in implementing them. Section 3 assesses PROCEDE (the
National Certifcation Program of Ejido Rights and Urban
Lots) and its impact on the functioning of land rental and
sales markets, ejidatarios' access to credit, and
investment. Section 4 sums up policy recommendations in six
key areas, including land policy, completion of PROCEDE, and
ensuring the sustainability of the advances made under PROCEDE.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, BARLEY, BEANS, BIODIVERSITY, CIVIL SERVICE, COMMON PROPERTY, COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMERS, CROPPING, CROPS, DECENTRALIZATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, EXPENDITURES, EXPORTS, EXTENSION, EXTREME POVERTY, FAO, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FOREST PRODUCTS, FORESTRY, FREE TRADE, FRUITS, GDP, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HOUSING, IMPORTS, INCOME, INHERITANCE, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, IRRIGATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LAND REFORM, LAND USE, LANDS, LAWS, LEGAL PROVISIONS, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOGGING, MAIZE, MARKETING, NATURAL RESOURCES, PERVERSE INCENTIVES, PESTICIDES, POVERTY LINE, PRICE SUBSIDIES, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, RESOURCE USE, RICE, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL PROPERTY, SECURE PROPERTY RIGHTS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOILS, SORGHUM, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRANSACTION COSTS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN POVERTY, URBANIZATION, VEGETABLES, WATERSHED, WEALTH, WHEAT LAND REFORM, EJIDOS, MACROECONOMIC REFORM, FOREST POLICY, RURAL POVERTY, FACTOR MARKETS, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LEGAL REFORM, LAND MARKETS, ACCESS TO CREDIT, SMALL FARMS, ENTREPRENEURS, MARGINALIZED GROUPS, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION, AGRICULTURAL REFORMS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING POLICY, RURAL FINANCE, LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, COOPERATIVES