Good Policies and Practices on Rural Transport in Africa : Monitoring and Evaluation
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This publication is part of a series
aimed at promoting good policies and practices on rural
transport in Africa. A recent review of the status of Rural
Transport Knowledge Products and Practice (Riverson, 2012)
identified a number of knowledge gaps and recommended the
production of working papers to address these. One of these
gaps was the absence of robust tools, including relevant
indicators and instruments, to measure the impact of rural
transport projects on rural growth and poverty reduction.
This paper addresses this gap. The focus on impact
monitoring appears relatively straightforward but in reality
requires a distinction between effects and impact, terms
used interchangeably in the literature. Similarly, there is
a range of technical terms and definitions applied to
Monitoring and Evaluation, presented in annex four. A
monitoring and evaluation system is an essential element of
planning, design and implementation of a rural transport
project1 as it serves to assess whether it has achieved its
objective and its development goal. Thus, the Millennium
Challenge Corporation (MCC) sees independent evaluations as
the most rigorous means of measuring [program] impact and
[is] at the heart of MCC s commitment to accountability,
learning, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making.
Yet, there are few completed independent evaluations on the
MCC website and the majority of their evaluation effort
seems focused on performance monitoring. Similarly, the
Indian Government s results-based management of its large
agricultural support program separates outcomes from impact
and stresses the importance of the former as a means of
assessing the performance of government departments such as
public works and transport in supporting the government s
ambitious agricultural development program (Government of
Kerala Memo, 2013).
Palabras clave
ACCESS ROADS, ACCESSIBILITY, AFFORDABLE TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT, AIR, BICYCLE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARGO, COMMUNITY ROADS, COMMUNITY TRANSPORT, COMMUNITY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COST OF TRAVEL, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COUNTERFACTUAL, CYCLISTS, DEPARTMENT OF ROADS, DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS, DRAINAGE, DUST, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, EROSION, EXTERNALITIES, FARES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FATALITIES, FEEDER ROAD, FEEDER ROAD PROJECT, FEEDER ROADS, FOOD POLICY, FRAMEWORK, FREIGHT, FUEL, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GOOD ROADS, GPS, GRAVEL, GRAVEL ROAD, HDM III, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY DESIGN, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYDROLOGY, IMPACT OF TRANSPORT, IMT, INCOME, INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS, INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION, INJURIES, INTERMEDIATE MEANS OF TRANSPORT, INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN, INTERNAL] RATE OF RETURN, INTERNATIONAL ROAD FEDERATION, JOURNEY, JOURNEYS, LAND USE, LOADING, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL ROADS, LOCAL TRANSPORT, LOW VOLUME ROADS, LOW VOLUMES OF TRAFFIC, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, MOBILITY, MODAL SHIFT, MOTORCYCLE, MOTORCYCLES, MOTORIZED TRANSPORT, NET PRESENT VALUE, NOISE, PASSENGER, PASSENGER SAFETY, PAVED ROADS, PEDESTRIAN, PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS, PEDESTRIANS, PERIODIC MAINTENANCE, POLICE, POOR, POOR ROADS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, PUBLIC WORKS, RECONSTRUCTION, REMOTE AREAS, RESETTLEMENT, RIGHT OF WAY, ROAD, ROAD ACCIDENTS, ROAD CLOSURE, ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROAD DENSITY, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD INVESTMENT, ROAD LINKS, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROAD MANAGEMENT, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD PLANNING, ROAD PROJECTS, ROAD PROVISION, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD SURFACE, ROAD TRAFFIC, ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, ROAD TRAFFIC FATALITY, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD USER, ROAD USERS, ROADS, ROUGHNESS, ROUTES, ROUTINE MAINTENANCE, RTP, RURAL, RURAL ACCESS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL GROWTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, RURAL ROAD, RURAL ROAD ACCESS, RURAL ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, RURAL ROAD INVESTMENT, RURAL ROAD PROJECTS, RURAL ROAD REHABILITATION, RURAL ROADS, RURAL TRANSPORT, RURAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL TRANSPORT INTERVENTIONS, RURAL TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, RURAL TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, RURAL TRANSPORT POLICY, RURAL TRANSPORT SECTOR, RURAL TRAVEL, SAFETY, SANITATION, SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, SOCIAL IMPACTS, SOILS, SPEEDS, SPOT IMPROVEMENT, STRUCTURES, SYNERGY, TAXI SERVICES, TAXIS, TRACKS, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC FATALITY RATES, TRAFFIC FLOWS, TRAFFIC GROWTH, TRAFFIC LEVELS, TRAFFIC VOLUME, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, TRAFFIC] VOLUMES, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT ACCESS, TRANSPORT APPRAISAL, TRANSPORT BURDEN, TRANSPORT CHARGES, TRANSPORT CONDITIONS, TRANSPORT COST, TRANSPORT COST SAVINGS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENTS, TRANSPORT INDICATORS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, TRANSPORT MODE, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT NETWORK, TRANSPORT OPERATORS, TRANSPORT PATTERNS, TRANSPORT POLICY, TRANSPORT POLICY MAKERS, TRANSPORT PROJECTS, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT STUDIES, TRANSPORT SURVEYS, TRANSPORT TARIFFS, TRANSPORT TASKS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION FACILITY, TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS, TRANSPORTS, TRAVEL CHOICE, TRAVEL COSTS, TRAVEL PATTERNS, TRAVEL TIME, TRAVELERS, TRIANGULATION, TRIPS, TRUE, TYPES OF ROADS, UNPAVED ROADS, VEHICLE, VEHICLE COST, VEHICLE OPERATING, VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS, VEHICLE OPERATION, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VEHICLES, VILLAGE ACCESS, VILLAGE ACCESS ROADS, WALKING, WEALTH