The Impact of a Community Development and Poverty Reduction Program on Early Childhood Development in Morocco
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Participatory community development
programs are designed to match government investments with
local needs. In Morocco, where issues of inequality and
poverty are high on the national agenda, a community
development program, the National Initiative for Human
Development, targeted high-poverty areas for additional
investments. This paper examines whether, in addition to
reducing poverty, such programs can also promote human
development, specifically early childhood development. Early
childhood development forms a critical foundation for later
human development and plays a key role in the
intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic status.
Using panel data on communities just above and below the
cutoff for National Initiative for Human Development
inclusion in rural areas, regression discontinuity and fixed
effect models are applied to identify the impact of the
program on economic outcomes and early childhood
development. Although the analysis finds some transitory
impacts of the program on economic outcomes, it finds no
impacts on early childhood development. Reducing inequality
and promoting human development through early childhood
development is likely to require specific, targeted, and
sustained initiatives.
Palabras clave
SANITATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, IMPACT ON POVERTY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, PEOPLE, POLITICS, INCOME, OLS MODELS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, POVERTY RATES, PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION, TOTAL POVERTY, COUNTERFACTUAL, PROGRAMS, HOUSING, HEALTH CARE, IMPACTS, HEALTH, PROJECTS, BENEFICIARIES, MEASURES, PROGRAM IMPACTS, INCOME GENERATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PROGRAM DESIGNS, HEALTH TARGETS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, PER CAPITA INCOME, INTERVENTION, SHEEP, HEALTH INDICATORS, IMPACT EVALUATION, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, TRANSFERS, OBSERVATION, POOR AREAS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, LEARNING, INDICATORS, RESEARCH, TOTAL POVERTY RATE, SERVICE DELIVERY, RURAL ROADS, POVERTY MAP, FARM PRODUCTS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, CONSUMPTION, HUMAN CAPITAL, RURAL COMMUNITIES, WORKERS, PROJECT IMPACTS, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, AGED, SOCIAL SERVICES, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM, CONTROL GROUPS, PARTICIPATION, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, CAPACITY-BUILDING, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PARENTING, PARTICIPATION OF BENEFICIARIES, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, POVERTY MAPPING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, AGRICULTURAL LAND, DECISION MAKING, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, MEASUREMENT, QUANTITATIVE METHODS, SAMPLE SIZE, NUTRITION, SURVEYS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, WEIGHT, TARGETING, PREGNANT WOMEN, CHILDREN, REGIONS, DRINKING WATER, STATISTICS, IRRIGATION, EVALUATION, POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, SAMPLING, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, LIVING CONDITIONS, RESEARCH PROGRAM, POVERTY RATE, POOR, STRATEGY, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, OUTCOMES, IMPLEMENTATION, HEALTH SERVICES, PREGNANCY, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, INEQUALITY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, PROGRAM EFFECTS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS