Nicaragua - Poverty Assessment : Raising Welfare and Reducing Vulnerability
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Washington, DC
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This poverty assessment was launched
with three broad objectives: (1) to update the poverty
profile for Nicaragua with data from the 2001 LSMS survey
and assess key changes between 1998 and 2001; (2) to review
progress with respect to PRSP targets and Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), including an analysis of those
areas where advances have been weak to orient greater public
attention; and (3) analyze the dynamics o f families moving
in and out o f poverty using panel data from the 1998 and
2001 LSMS surveys, in order to obtain clues about strategies
that may have led to improving incomes. This report finds
that Nicaragua has made significant progress in reducing
poverty over the last decade, despite its status as one of
the poorest and least developed countries in Latin America.
Although poverty declined significantly more in rural than
urban areas, poverty and extreme poverty continue to be
overwhelmingly rural. Progress in poverty reduction between
1998 and 2001 reflect significant income gains for most
Nicaraguan households as well as lower food prices.
Better-off families in Nicaragua exhibit high educational
levels, small family sizes, residence in Managua and the
Pacific Region, and diversified incomes. However, poverty
changes between 1998 and 2001 varied substantially by
region. Despite overall gains in poverty, nearly half of all
PRSP targets are not currently on track. The areas where
indicators show least progress since 1993, raising concerns
for prospects of future poverty reduction, include the
following: 1). Fertility rates continue to be high in
Nicaragua, particularly among adolescents with no education,
and a large unsatisfied demand for family planning services
continues. 2) Progress in education is mixed. 3) Productive
infrastructure has been practically stagnant since the early
1990s. 4) Basic water and sanitation infrastructure has
progressed very modestly, with less than half of the homes
in rural areas having access to safe basic services. 5)
Diarrhea and upper respiratory infections for children under
five show little progress since the early 1990s. The report
concludes that continued progress in Nicaragua's
Millennium Development Goals and Poverty Reduction Strategy
P goals will be closely linked to the recovery of growth.
Successful strategies for broad-based growth and poverty
reduction should include aiming for macroeconomic stability,
key interventions in education, increased access to
productive and basic infrastructure, increased
competitiveness and efficiency in financial services would
improve access to credit for poorer families, Increased
access to reproductive and perinatal healthcare services for
women with maternal and child care becoming a priority, and
access to timely and targeted social protection interventions.
Palabras clave
ADAPTABILITY, ADOLESCENTS, BREASTFEEDING, CHILDREN, COMMUNITY HEALTH, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, DATA SOURCES, DEMOGRAPHICS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DISASTERS, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EMPLOYMENT, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, FERTILITY, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD STAPLES, GDP, GNP, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH WORKERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSING, HOUSING CONDITIONS, HUMAN CAPITAL, ILLITERACY, INCOME, INCOME EFFECT, INCREASED ACCESS, INFANT MORTALITY, INNOVATION, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, LITERACY LEVELS, LIVING STANDARDS, LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MALNUTRITION, MORTALITY, MOTHERS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL RESOURCES, NURSES, NUTRITION, OIL, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY REVIEW, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR URBAN AREAS, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY COMPARISONS, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY HEADCOUNT, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY PROGRAMS, POVERTY PROJECTIONS, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY TRAP, POVERTY TRENDS, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC SERVICES, REDUCING POVERTY, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INHABITANTS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECTORS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TAX REFORM, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, URBAN AREAS, URBAN RESIDENTS, WELFARE EFFECTS, WORKERS, YOUNG ADULTS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, FOOD PRICES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, REGIONAL DISPARITY, RURAL POVERTY, FERTILITY RATES, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, ACCESS TO CREDIT, FINANCIAL SERVICES, COMPETITIVENESS, ACCESSTO HEALTH SERVIES, ACCESS TO WATER, SANITATION SERVICES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, DIARRHOEAL DISEASE PREVENTION, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES, SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS, ADULT LITERACY, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY