Fostering Community-Driven Development : What Role for the State?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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States can do much to tap
community-level energies, and resources for development, if
they seek to interact more synergistically with local
communities. The broader spin-off is creating a
developmental society, and polity. Using case studies from
Asia and Latin America, the authors show how: 1) State
efforts to bring about land reform, tenancy reform, and
expanding non-crop sources of income, can broaden the
distribution of power in rural communities, laying the basis
for more effective community-driven collective action; and
2) Higher levels of government can form alliances with
communities, putting pressure on local authorities from
above, and below to improve development outcomes at the
local level. These alliances can also be very effective in
catalyzing collective action at community level, and
reducing :local capture" by vested interests. There are
several encouraging points that emerge from these case
studies. First, these powerful institutional changes do not
necessarily take long to generate. Second, they can be
achieved in a diversity of settings: tightly knit or
loose-knit communities; war-ravaged, or relatively stable;
democratic, or authoritarian; with land reform, or (if
carefully managed) even without. Third, there are strong
political payoffs in terms of legitimacy, and popular
support for those who support such developmental action.
Palabras clave
COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCES UTILIZATION, DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, POLICY FORMATION, LAND REFORM, TENANCY, INCOME GENERATION, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, COLLECTIVE ACTIONS, GOVERNMENT COMMITMENTS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, CASE STUDIES, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ACCOUNTABILITY, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS, CASE STUDIES, CITIZENS, CLIENT FEEDBACK, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COMMON GOOD, COMMUNITY LEADERS, COMMUNITY LEVEL, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CORRUPTION, DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES, EMPLOYMENT, EXPLOITATION, FARMERS, FARMS, GOVERNANCE REFORM, HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, HOUSING, INCOME, INCOMES, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, LAND REFORM, LIVESTOCK, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL KNOWLEDGE, LOCAL LEVEL, LOCAL OFFICIALS, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKETING, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NUTRITION, PEER MONITORING, POLICY RESEARCH, POLITICAL CONDITIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC AGENCIES, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY CONTROL, REDUCING POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POOR, SANCTIONS, SAVINGS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL GROUP, TAXATION, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, VESTED INTERESTS, WAGE RATES