What Works at Scale? Distilling the Critical Success Factors for Scaling Up Rural Sanitation
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Washington, DC
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In February 2014, the Ministry of
Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, in
collaboration with the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of
the World Bank, brought together policy makers, scholars and
practitioners in Jaipur, India, for the Knowledge Sharing
Forum entitled what works at scale? Distilling critical
success factors for scaling up rural sanitation. The forum
participants reviewed the conditions required for successful
sanitation programs and strategies that could lead to sound
implementation of such programs and strategies in their own
states and/or countries. Participants from within India came
from State and District sanitation programs, international
organizations, NGOs and the private sector. The forum also
benefited from international experience, with strategic
inputs provided by key resource people from Bangladesh,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Tanzania, Thailand and Uganda. Prior to
the formal sessions, international participants were able to
visit two districts in Rajasthan to observe sanitation
campaigns which had resulted in open defecation-free status.
The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), Clean India Campaign,
focuses on a comprehensive program to ensure the sustained
use of safe sanitation facilities in rural areas,
eliminating the practice of open defecation and ensuring a
clean environment. The NBA experience has shown that without
the motivation for safe sanitation, facilities will not be
used with any degree of consistency. Demand creation must
therefore take precedence over physical implementation and
new practices must be sustained after construction. The
focus is not on individual households but on groups of
people at the habitation, village, community (Panchayat)
levels who can work together, supporting each other to
achieve long term open defecation-free status. Once the
demand is created, a strong supply chain must be in place to
ensure a rapid response.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SANITATION, ADEQUATE WATER, ADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, ANIMALS, AWARENESS CREATION, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, BIOGAS, CATCHMENT, CHANGES IN HYGIENE BEHAVIOR, CLEANLINESS, COMMUNITY SANITATION, COMPOSTING, CONSTRUCTION, DEFECATION AREAS, DEMAND FOR SANITATION, DISTRICT COLLECTORS, DOMESTIC HYGIENE, DRAINAGE, DRINKING WATER, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, FECES, GARBAGE, GARDENS, GREY WATER, HANDWASHING, HEALTH CARE, HOUSEHOLD SANITATION, HYGIENE, HYGIENE COMMUNICATION, HYGIENE PRACTICES, HYGIENE PROMOTION, LATRINE, PIPES, PIT LATRINES, PITS, PONDS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING, PUBLIC WORKS, RECYCLING, RESOURCE RECOVERY, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL SANITATION, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SAFE SANITATION, SAFETY, SANITARY FACILITIES, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION INDICATORS, SANITATION INITIATIVES, SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, SANITATION PRACTICES, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION PROGRAMS, SANITATION SCHEMES, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY, SANITATION SERVICES, SEWERAGE, SITE SANITATION, SLUDGE, SOAP, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, TANKS, TOILET, TOILET FACILITIES, TOILETS, TOTAL SANITATION, UNSAFE SANITATION, URBAN COMMUNITIES, WATER SANITATION, WATER SUPPLY