Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008

Orden, David; Blandford, David; Josling, Timothy

Determinants of Farm Policies in the United States, 1996-2008

Autores

Orden, David

Blandford, David

Josling, Timothy

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper focuses on the political economy of United States (U.S.) farm policy since the Uruguay round trade negotiations concluded in 1994 and established the World Trade Organization (WTO). The continued ability of the powerful farm lobby in the U.S. to elicit support in the political arena is evident from this analysis. Yet there have been some substantial changes in policy that have reduced their distortionary effects, as well as some setbacks to liberalizing reform. New Doha round commitments could put further constraints on subsidies provided by some U.S. policy instruments. And despite the ability of the farm lobby to retain its support programs through 2012, there are several political uncertainties about the alignments that have allowed U.S. farm support to endure.

Palabras clave

ADVERSE EFFECT, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE YIELDS, BIDDING, BILATERAL TRADE, CANE SUGAR, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICE, COMMODITY PRICES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSUMERS, CORN, CORN PRICES, COTTON, CROP, CROP INSURANCE, CROP YIELDS, CROPS, CULTIVATION, DEREGULATION, DIRECT PAYMENTS, DISTORTIONARY EFFECTS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURN, ECONOMICS, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY PRICES, ENTITLEMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, EQUILIBRIUM, ETHANOL, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT CREDIT, EXPORTS, EXPOSURE, FAIR, FARM, FARM INCOME, FARM INCOMES, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMING, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FRUITS, FUTURE PROSPECTS, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS, GRAZING, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, IFPRI, INCOME, INCOMES, INFLATION, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LONG-TERM CONTRACTS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET DEMAND, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET PRICE, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MONETARY POLICY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATIONAL ECONOMY, OIL, OIL PRICES, OILSEEDS, OUTPUT, PEANUTS, PLANTING, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL RISKS, PRICE LEVEL, PRICE LEVELS, PRICE MOVEMENTS, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICE SUPPORTS, PRODUCE, PRODUCER GROUPS, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION COSTS, QUOTAS, SAFETY NET, SAVINGS, SOYBEANS, SPRING, STAGFLATION, SUGAR, SURPLUSES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TAX, TAX CREDIT, TAX CREDITS, THIRD WORLD, TOBACCO, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICY, URUGUAY ROUND, VEGETABLES, VOTERS, WHEAT, WORLD MARKET, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, YIELDS