Coastal aquaculture zoning in Sri Lanka.
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Zoning for coastal aquaculture development can avoid many of the problems that confront the shrimp farming industry in Sri Lanka. The lagoons and bays of the eastern and northern coasts have the greatest potential for future development of coastal aquaculture. Species which are currently commercially cultured in Sri Lanka and other Indo-Pacific countries, or which have shown potential, include Penaeus monodon, P.indicus, Scylla spp., Artemia, Crassostrea spp., Perna spp., Gracilaria spp., Holuth erioidea, hybrid tilapia and marine finfish. Criteria were identified which impact the development of coastal aquaculture technology, and include: elevation, soil pH and texture, vegetation and land use, user conflicts, access to infrastructure, salinity and water quality. Potential areas for coastal aquaculture were identified on the basis of maps, current distribution of the industry, past studies and field observations. A detailed GIS database will be established for each of these areas, base d on information from coastal survey maps, soil maps, hydrological maps, navigation charts, past studies and primary data collected by a survey team in the field. The zoning process incorporates a number of tasks, the first of which will be to digitize available maps and survey data. The publication and dissemination of the coastal aquaculture zoning plan and its incorporation into coastal zone management regulations should be the output of the zoning process.