Trends in Household Coverage of Modern Infrastructure Services in Africa
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Household surveys have long been used to
estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in
education and health indicators, but they have not been used
to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or
coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper,
we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample
of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect
comparable information across countries on coverage of piped
water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones
over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for
electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the
last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the
same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular)
telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been
primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure
coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural
Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households
coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual
continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal
or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage
has improved. These results point to the need to increase
efforts by governments and international community to
progressively increase access to modern infrastructure
services in Africa.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER, ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BASIC SANITATION, BULLETIN, CITIES, COMMUNITIES, CONNECTION, CONNECTION CHARGES, COST RECOVERY, DECLINES IN FERTILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RESOURCES, FLUSH TOILET, FLUSH TOILETS, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME INEQUALITY, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, LABOR MARKETS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINORITY, MONTHLY BILL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL GAS, NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS, NUMBER OF PERSONS, NUTRITION, OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, PIT LATRINE, PIT LATRINES, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR PEOPLE, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATES, PRIVATE PARTICIPATION, PROGRESS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC TAP, PUBLIC TAPS, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY OF SERVICE, QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY, RADIO, RESPECT, RICHER COUNTRIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DWELLERS, RURAL POPULATION, SAFE SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION SERVICES, SEPTIC TANK, SEPTIC TANKS, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE QUALITY, SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE SERVICE, SEWERAGE SYSTEM, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SIGNIFICANT POLICY, SMALL TOWNS, SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TELEVISION, TOILET FACILITY, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS, WATER SOURCE, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLY, WELLS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION