Watershed Management Approaches, Policies, and Operations : Lessons for Scaling Up
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The report begins with definitions of
watersheds and watershed management, a characterization of
the problem of watershed degradation, and a short history of
watershed management operations and policies (Chapter 1).
The following four chapters discuss the findings from
experience with implementing watershed management programs
over the last 20 years based both on the project review and
on the literature. The second chapter discusses the findings
on watershed management approaches and methodologies. The
third chapter looks at findings on institutions for
watershed management. The fourth chapter reviews the
economics of watershed management. In the fifth chapter,
issues of watershed management interactions with the
environment and the water cycle are discussed, as well as
the challenge of climate change. A brief sixth and the final
chapter summarizes the principal conclusions and
recommendations of the report.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ALGAE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ANNUAL LOSS, ARABLE LAND, BASINS, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION, BIOMASS, BROOKS, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENTS, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, CLASSIFICATION, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAST, COASTS, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, COMMON LAND, COMMUNITY WATERSHED, CONSTRUCTION, CROPS, CULTIVATED LANDS, CULTIVATION, DAMS, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADED LAND, DOWNSTREAM AREAS, DOWNSTREAM WATERS, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE AREA, DRYLAND AREAS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM HEALTH, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EQUILIBRIUM, EROSION, EROSION CONTROL, EUTROPHICATION, EVAPORATION, EXPLOITATION, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FIREWOOD, FISH, FISHERIES, FLOOD, FLOOD PLAINS, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOREST, FOREST LAND, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST RESOURCE, FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST STRUCTURE, FORESTRY, FORESTS, GEOLOGY, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, HYDROLOGY, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE, IRRIGATION, LAKES, LAND AREA, LAND CONSERVATION, LAND COVER, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND TENURE, LAND TENURE SECURITY, LAND USE, LAND USE PRACTICES, LAND USE SYSTEMS, LAND USES, LANDLESS PEOPLE, LANDSCAPE PLANNING, LEGISLATION, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MICRO-WATERSHED, MICRO-WATERSHEDS, MICROWATERSHED, MODELING, MOUNTAINS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION, NATURAL RESOURCE DEGRADATION, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCE USE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, NITROGEN, OCEANS, OVERGRAZING, OXYGEN DEPLETION, PASTURES, PEAK FLOWS, PHOSPHORUS, PINES, PLANTING, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, PRESERVATION, PRESSURE, PRIMARY FORESTS, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, RAINFALL, RAINFALL EVENTS, REFORESTATION, REMOTE SENSING, RESERVOIR, RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION, RESERVOIRS, RESOURCE USE, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RESTORATION, RIPARIAN ZONES, RISK MANAGEMENT, RIVER, RIVER BASINS, RUNOFF, SAND, SAND BEACHES, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SEDIMENT, SEDIMENTS, SOCIAL COSTS, SOIL CONSERVATION, SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL EROSION, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SOILS, SOUTH AMERICA, STORAGE CAPACITY, STREAM, STREAMS, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TIMBER, TIMBER HARVESTING, TRADEOFFS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TREE SPECIES, TREES, UPLAND AGRICULTURE, UPLAND AREA, UPLAND AREAS, UPLANDS, URBAN AREAS, VEGETATION, VEGETATIVE COVER, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CYCLE, WATER FLOW, WATER FLOWS, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SECTOR, WATER SERVICES, WATER SOURCES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER USE, WATERSHED, WATERSHED APPROACH, WATERSHED CONTEXT, WATERSHED DEGRADATION, WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT, WATERSHED HYDROLOGY, WATERSHED LEVEL, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED PLANNING, WATERSHED SCALE, WATERSHEDS, WETLAND, WETLAND AREAS, WOODY PLANTS