Decomposition of Gender Differentials in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper employs decomposition methods
to analyze differences in agricultural productivity between
male and female land managers in Ethiopia. It employs data
from the 2011-2012 Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey. An
overall 23.4 percent gender differential in agricultural
productivity is estimated at the mean in favor of male land
managers, of which 10.1 percentage points are explained by
differences in land manager characteristics, land
attributes, and unequal access to resources (the endowment
effect). The remaining 13.4 percentage points are explained
by unequal returns to productive components, but cannot be
easily tied to specific covariates. These results are mainly
driven by non-married female managers (mainly single and
divorced). Married female managers do not display such
disadvantages. Further analysis along the productivity
distribution reveals that gender differentials are more
pronounced at mid-levels of productivity and that the share
of the gender gap explained by the endowment effect declines
as productivity increases. Detailed decomposition of
estimates at selected points of the agricultural
productivity distribution provides valuable information for
policy intervention purposes.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO RESOURCES, ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL FIELDS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL TRAINING, AGRICULTURE, CHILD LABOR, CROP PRODUCTS, CROPS, DATA QUALITY, DISABILITY, DISTRICTS, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, EMPLOYMENT, EQUAL ACCESS, EXTENSION, EXTENSION SERVICES, FARMERS, FASHION, FEMALE, FEMALE FARMERS, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALES, FERTILIZERS, FOOD PRODUCTION, GENDER, GENDER ANALYSIS, GENDER DIFFERENCE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DIFFERENTIAL, GENDER DIFFERENTIALS, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SENSITIVITY, GENDER STUDIES, GENDER WAGE GAPS, HOME ECONOMICS, HOMES, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN ECOLOGY, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INHABITANTS, INTEGRATION, INTERVENTION, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION, LABOR MARKETS, LIVESTOCK, LIVING STANDARDS, MARKETING, MATHEMATICS, MOTIVATION, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRODUCTIVITY, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, RENTALS, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SOIL CONSERVATION, TENANCY, WAGE DIFFERENCES, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE DISCRIMINATION, WAGE GAP, WOMEN FARMERS, AFRICA GENDER POLICY, GENDER INNOVATION LAB, WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE