Creating Jobs in Africa's Fragile States : Are Value Chains an Answer?

Dudwick, Nora; Srinivasan, Radhika

Creating Jobs in Africa's Fragile States : Are Value Chains an Answer?

Autores

Dudwick, Nora

Srinivasan, Radhika

Editor

Washington, DC: World Bank

Descripción

What is the relationship between employment and conflict in fragile states? Although this question cannot be definitively answered, a large body of research suggests that in countries emerging from conflict, peace is likelier to endure if growth can be rapidly restored and translated into economic opportunities for large segments of the population. With a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, this report attempts to address the challenge of employment and conflict in fragile states. First, it reviews employment- creation activities in fragile and conflict-affected environments to see which approaches appear most promising. Second, it presents specific recommendations for an employment-generation strategy over the medium term. The report argues that in Sub-Saharan Africa, where almost three-quarters of the labor force still works in agriculture, agricultural value chains may have the greatest potential to diversify rural economies, raise household incomes, and thereby contribute to stability. The core of value chain development involves strengthening relationships a critical task in fragile and post- conflict environments, where trust and social cohesion have been shattered. The argument made by this report is developed as follows: the remainder of this chapter briefly defines fragility and summarizes current thinking about its relationship to economic development. It then concludes with a brief discussion of the historical roots of fragility in Sub-Saharan Africa and the implications of this trajectory for the region's current and future development. The second chapter reviews prevailing approaches to employment in fragile and conflict-affected environments. The third chapter examines current and emerging practice directed at restoring private sector activity. It briefly reviews the World Bank's approach to private sector development in four post- conflict countries and then introduces new arguments for earlier and bolder efforts to restore economies and generate employment. Chapter four concludes with recommendations for building on this emerging practice.

Palabras clave

ABATEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, AGE GROUP, ANALYTICAL APPROACH, ARMED CONFLICTS, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BANKING SERVICES, BANKING SYSTEM, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITALS, CITIZENS, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL WAR, CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSOLIDATION, CPI, CREATING JOBS, CROP LANDS, DECENTRALIZATION, DEFICITS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DIRECT JOB CREATION, DISARMAMENT, DISCRIMINATION, DISPLACEMENT, DIVIDENDS, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DRIVERS, EARTHQUAKE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENTITLEMENTS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTS, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EX-COMBATANTS, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, FAST POPULATION GROWTH, FIRM PRODUCTIVITY, FISCAL POLICIES, FISHERIES, FOOD SECURITY, FORCED LABOR, FORESTRY, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIV, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN SECURITY, IMPACT OF CONFLICT, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, ISSUES OF POVERTY, JOB CREATION, JOB CREATION SCHEMES, JOB SEEKERS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABORERS, LABOUR, LEGAL RIGHTS, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MACROECONOMICS, MALARIA, MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES, MARKET VALUE, MICROFINANCE, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORTALITY, MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, NATIONAL BORDERS, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUTRITION, OIL, ORPHANS, PEACE, PEACEKEEPING, PERMANENT JOBS, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY BRIEF, POLICY GUIDANCE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION STATISTICS, POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION, POSTCONFLICT SETTINGS, PREVIOUS SECTION, PRIVATE CONTRACTORS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIVITY, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR JOB, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, QUALITY STANDARDS, REGIONAL_STRATEGY, RESPECT, RURAL BANKS, RURAL WORKERS, SAFETY NET, SCARCE RESOURCES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE SECTORS, SHORT-TERM JOB CREATION, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALLHOLDERS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIAL ISSUES, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL TENSIONS, SPILLOVER, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SUITABLE EMPLOYMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAX REVENUE, TAXATION, TECHNICAL CAPACITY, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TEMPORARY JOB, TEMPORARY JOBS, TIMBER, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TRADEOFFS, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED YOUTH, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN ENVIRONMENTS, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, VICIOUS CYCLE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGES, WAR, WARS, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WORK ACTIVITIES, WORK PROJECT, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT