Perspectivas de la Agricultura y del Desarrollo Rural en las Américas: una mirada hacia América Latina y el Caribe 2025-2026
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Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA)
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Se analiza la evolución y desafíos de la agricultura y el desarrollo rural en América Latina y el Caribe, destacando la productividad como eje estratégico para lograr sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles, inclusivos y resilientes. Su objetivo general es identificar rutas para fortalecer la contribución del sector mediante mejoras en productividad apoyadas por innovación, financiamiento y políticas públicas. La metodología se sustenta en un enfoque analítico regional que integra datos económicos, productivos y sociales, revisión de tendencias globales, comparaciones subregionales y evidencia empírica sobre políticas e innovación en el sector agropecuario. Como resultados, se evidencia un estancamiento reciente de la productividad (crecimiento de apenas 5% entre 2011-2020) y una alta dependencia del uso de insumos. Persisten brechas estructurales en tecnología, financiamiento y acceso a servicios, especialmente para pequeños productores. Se identifican seis limitantes principales y se proponen ocho líneas estratégicas como innovación, financiamiento, digitalización y sostenibilidad, para transformar el sector. Además, se concluye que elevar la productividad es clave para reducir desigualdades, mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y aumentar la resiliencia frente a riesgos climáticos y económicos.
Analyzes the evolving challenges of agriculture and rural development in Latin America and the Caribbean, positioning productivity as the central lever for transforming agrifood systems toward greater sustainability, inclusion, and resilience. The main objective is to identify pathways to strengthen the sector’s contribution through productivity gains supported by innovation, adequate financing, and coordinated public policies. The methodology follows a regional analytical approach that integrates economic, social, and production data with the review of global trends, subregional comparisons, and evidence from policy experiences and agricultural innovation systems. The findings show a recent slowdown in productivity growth, with only about 5% increase between 2011 and 2020, alongside a growing dependence on input use rather than efficiency improvements. Structural gaps persist, especially in access to technology, financing, and services for small-scale producers. Six key constraints are identified, as well as eight strategic action areas focused on innovation, digitalization, financing, and sustainability. Overall, increasing productivity is presented as essential to reduce inequality, improve food security, and strengthen resilience to climate and economic challenges in the region.
Analyzes the evolving challenges of agriculture and rural development in Latin America and the Caribbean, positioning productivity as the central lever for transforming agrifood systems toward greater sustainability, inclusion, and resilience. The main objective is to identify pathways to strengthen the sector’s contribution through productivity gains supported by innovation, adequate financing, and coordinated public policies. The methodology follows a regional analytical approach that integrates economic, social, and production data with the review of global trends, subregional comparisons, and evidence from policy experiences and agricultural innovation systems. The findings show a recent slowdown in productivity growth, with only about 5% increase between 2011 and 2020, alongside a growing dependence on input use rather than efficiency improvements. Structural gaps persist, especially in access to technology, financing, and services for small-scale producers. Six key constraints are identified, as well as eight strategic action areas focused on innovation, digitalization, financing, and sustainability. Overall, increasing productivity is presented as essential to reduce inequality, improve food security, and strengthen resilience to climate and economic challenges in the region.
Palabras clave
Política pública, Productividad agrícola, Innovación agrícola, financiación, Financiamiento, Factores de producción, América Latina y el Caribe, public policies, agricultural productivity, agricultural innovation, financing, production factors, Latin America and the Caribbean, financement, facteur de production, Amérique latine et Caraïbes, financiamento, factor de produção, América Latina e Caribe, Sede Central, ODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables