Geography of Growth : Spatial
            Economics and Competitiveness

Nallari, Raj; Griffith, Breda; Yusuf, Shahid

Geography of Growth : Spatial Economics and Competitiveness

Autores

Nallari, Raj

Griffith, Breda

Yusuf, Shahid

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

This volume is organized as follows. Chapter one address two questions: how has spatial concentration evolved with growth and development, and what are the efficiency implications of too much or too little spatial concentration? This chapter summarizes the various models that analyze growth by geographic concentration and sets the foundation for concepts discussed in later chapters. Chapter two focuses on urbanization in geographies. Chapter three correlates urban presence with economic density in developed and developing countries. It initially focuses on how urban transition and growth are blurring the rural-urban divide and the unprecedented volume of people who are moving to urban areas. Chapter four discusses how different industries inhabit and impact various urban sectors. Chapter five contextualizes urban growth in the current technological landscape as innovation, particularly in information technology, has become critical to increasing productivity and consequently growth. Chapter six further analyzes urbanization in the current global context, specifically, the impact of globalization and industry clusters on urbanization. Chapter seven addresses a current fundamental global trend: why has urbanization been growing rapidly since the 1950s? Some theories suggest that it is industry that spurs urbanization and consequently growth in infrastructure; however this is not the case. Instead, the chapter concludes by looking at data across regions and cities, the municipalities are pivotal in influencing infrastructure development and growth in urban centers. Finally, chapter eight deciphers why some cities are more successful than others. Why do Karachi and Sao Paulo have the human capital that qualifies them as urban centers but not as thriving cities? By citing examples of successful cities, this chapter provides policy recommendations on how to make a city competitive in today's economy.

Palabras clave

AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, BARRIOS, BUSINESS SERVICES, CENTRAL BANK, CITY POPULATION, CITY SERVICES, CITY SIZE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, COMMUNICATION SERVICES, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION, CONNECTIVITY, DATA AVAILABILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISSEMINATION, E-MAIL, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EXTERNALITIES, EXTREME POVERTY, FAVELA, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, GARBAGE COLLECTION, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL POPULATION, GLOBAL URBAN POPULATION, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GREENHOUSE GAS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH POPULATION GROWTH, HOUSING, HOUSING ESTATES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN SETTLEMENT, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFANT, INFORMATION SERVICES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INHABITANTS, INNOVATIVE CITIES, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, KNOWLEDGE BASE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAND MARKETS, LARGE CITIES, LARGE POPULATIONS, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, MEGACITIES, METROPOLITAN AREAS, METROPOLITAN CITIES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION FLOWS, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONAL POPULATION, PACE OF URBANIZATION, POLLUTION, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION MOMENTUM, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, POPULATION SIZE, PPP, PRACTITIONERS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICES, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY OF LIFE, R&D, RATES OF URBANIZATION, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY, SEA LEVEL, SECONDARY CITIES, SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS, SEWERAGE, SLUM-DWELLERS, SLUMS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL SERVICES, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL MOBILITY, SPILLOVER, TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE, TOTAL POPULATION, TOWNS, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, URBAN, URBAN AGGLOMERATION, URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN BIAS, URBAN CENTER, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN CONCENTRATION, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DISPARITIES, URBAN DIVIDE, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ECONOMICS, URBAN ECONOMY, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, URBAN FRINGE, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN GROWTH RATES, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN ISSUES, URBAN LABOR, URBAN LABOR FORCE, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN PLANNERS, URBAN POLICY, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATION GROWTH, URBAN PROBLEMS, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN SECTORS, URBAN SETTLEMENTS, URBAN SOCIETIES, URBAN SPACE, URBAN TRANSFORMATION, URBAN TRANSITION, URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION PROCESS, WAR, WARS, WORKFORCE, WORLD POPULATION