The Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia
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Jakarta
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The purpose of this report is to assess
the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) problem in
Indonesia. It builds on to the Indonesia landscape analysis
country assessment (LACA) report, which found that
overweight and underweight co-existed among young children,
confirming that the DBM is already a concern in Indonesia.
The focus of the LACA was on maternal and child under
nutrition and especially on the extent of scaling-up of an
essential package of interventions for improving maternal
and child under nutrition. The focus of this report is on
over nutrition, it also looks at how under nutrition
contributes to this problem across the life course,
including the links to the non-communicable diseases (NCDs),
and especially those that are diet-related such as diabetes,
hypertension, dyslipidaemia , and cardiovascular disease
(CVD). The assessment is based on information collected
during a visit to Jakarta and Yogyakarta in late November
2011 when interviews were held with the key actors involved
in DBM problems in Indonesia. The report describes what the
DBM means as well as what its consequences are, examines the
DBM situation in Indonesia, and makes recommendations on
what actions should be taken to both prevent and mitigate
problems across the life course.
Palabras clave
ADOLESCENTS, AGED, AGING, ANAEMIA, BABY, BALANCED NUTRITION, BIOLOGICAL FACTORS, BIRTH RATE, BIRTH RATES, BIRTH WEIGHT LOW, BREAST MILK, BREASTFEEDING, CANCER, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, CASH CROPS, CAUSES OF DEATH, CAUSES OF DISABILITY, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD NUTRITION, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CHRONIC DISEASE, CITIZEN, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMPLEMENTARY FOODS, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONDITIONALITY, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, CONTRACEPTION, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DEATH RATE, DEBT, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, DIABETES, DIET, DIETS, DIRECT NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, DISABILITY, DRINKING WATER, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EATING HABITS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, FARMS, FISH, FISHERIES, FOLIC ACID, FOOD AVAILABILITY, FOOD DEFICIT, FOOD INDUSTRY, FOOD PROCESSING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY, FORESTRY, FRUIT, GENDER GAP, GLOBAL POPULATION, GRAIN PRODUCTION, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CENTRES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH POLICIES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH WORKERS, HEALTHY LIFE, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HORMONES, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HYPERTENSION, ILL HEALTH, ILLNESSES, IMMUNE SYSTEM, IMMUNITY, IMMUNIZATIONS, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFANT, INFANT FEEDING, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INJURIES, INTERFERON, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IODINE, IODINE DEFICIENCY, IRON, LABOUR FORCE, LACK OF AWARENESS, LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH, LEADING CAUSES, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALNUTRITION, MALNUTRITION RATES, MALNUTRITION SITUATION, MARKETING, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MATERNAL NUTRITION, MEASLES, MEAT, METABOLISM, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION, MICRONUTRIENTS, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MINORITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATIO, NATIONAL ACTION, NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PLAN, NATIONAL PLANS, NATIONAL POPULATION, NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING, NURSES, NUTRIENT, NUTRIENT INTAKE, NUTRIENTS, NUTRITION, NUTRITION EDUCATION, NUTRITION POLICIES, NUTRITION POLICY, NUTRITION PROGRAMMES, NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA, OBESITY, OIL, OIL PRICES, OUTPATIENT CARE, OVERNUTRITION, PEER PRESSURE, PESTICIDES, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, PLANS OF ACTION, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY MAKERS, POLIO, POOR NUTRITION, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULOUS COUNTRY, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRESCHOOL CHILDREN, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES, PROGRESS, PROTEIN, PROTEINS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN, PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLIC SERVICES, RELIGIOUS GROUPS, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, RESEARCH EFFORTS, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RICE, RISK FACTORS, SANITATION, SCHOOL MEALS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL WELFARE, STARCH, STATE POLICY, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SUGAR, SUGARS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, TELEVISION, TETANUS, TOLERANCE, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDERNUTRITION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ENVIRONMENTS, URBANIZATION, VITAMIN, VITAMIN A, VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG CHILD, YOUNG CHILD NUTRITION, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG MOTHERS