Summary analysis of Codes, guidelines, and standards related to Good Agricultural Practices
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This paper was prepared for the FAO Expert Consultation on a Good Agricultural Practice Approach, which took place in Rome, Italy, 10-12 November 2003. Over the past 10 years a multiplicity of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) codes, standards and regulations haveappeared from the food industry, producers organizations, governments and NGOs at national and international level, with the aim to codify, implement or apply “good” agricultural practice. The purposes of these GAP standards, alon g with other standards in the agri-food sector, vary from fulfilment of commercial and government requirements, in particular with regards to food safety and quality, to more specific requirements of specialty markets. This paper seeks to examine the landscape of existing codes, standards, regulations and certification programmes in the food and agriculture sector pertaining to agricultural practices, whether or not they make explicit mention of Good Agricultural Practices. It investigates s elected issues related to the development of these standards, codes and guidelines on GAP with discussion ranging from the accountability of standard setting industry, the ‘who pays’ question, potential and constraints for developing countries and smallholders and the potential role of governments. Given the diversity of existing standards and the rapid evolutions in this field, the paper does not claim to be exhaustive, but to propose a rough categorization, and to provide examples and an ove rview of the ‘standards landscape’ at this point in time.