Does Employment Generation Really Matter for Poverty Reduction?
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
This paper analyzes how the
employment/productivity profile of growth and its sectoral
pattern are correlated with poverty reduction. The authors
use a sample of 104 short-run growth spells in developing
countries, between 1980 and 2001. They also identify some
conditions of the labor market and the economic environment
that are associated with employment-intensive growth or
specific sectoral growth. The results show that, in the
short run, although the aggregate employment-rate intensity
of growth does not matter for poverty reduction any more
than the aggregate productivity intensity of growth, the
sectoral pattern of employment growth and productivity
growth is important. Employment-intensive growth in the
secondary sector is associated with decreases in poverty,
while employment-intensive growth in agriculture is
correlated with poverty increases. Similarly,
productivity-intensive growth in agriculture is associated
with decreases in poverty. Although the study does not
address causality, coincidence of these phenomena in this
large sample of heterogeneous countries and periods suggests
that, in the short run, the sectoral productivity and
employment pattern of growth may have important implications
for poverty alleviation. Therefore, policies for reducing
poverty should not overlook the sectoral productivity and
employment implications of different growth policies.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE TERMS, ABSOLUTE VALUE, AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT, AGGREGATE GROWTH, AGGREGATE LEVEL, AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, ANNUAL LEAVE, AVERAGE GROWTH, AVERAGE LEVEL, BUSINESS CYCLE, COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS, COMPETITIVE MARKET, COMPETITIVE MODEL, COUNTRY CASE, COUNTRY SPECIFIC, COVERAGE OF POPULATION, CRISES, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT REPORT, DISCRIMINATION, DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES, EARNING, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMICS, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, EFFICIENCY WAGES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT PATTERN, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, ESTIMATION RESULTS, ETHNIC GROUP, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, EXPORT TAXES, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FEWER PEOPLE, FIRING COSTS, FIRING RESTRICTIONS, FIRM PERFORMANCE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FULL EMPLOYMENT, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GINI COEFFICIENT, GROWTH ELASTICITY, GROWTH EPISODE, GROWTH LITERATURE, GROWTH PATTERN, GROWTH PERFORMANCE, GROWTH POLICIES, GROWTH PRO-POOR, GROWTH PROCESS, HEADCOUNT POVERTY, HEADCOUNT RATIO, HIGH GROWTH, HOUSEHOLD DATA, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME CHANGE, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INDEPENDENT VARIABLES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INDUSTRY WAGE, INEQUALITY, INFORMAL SECTOR, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, JOBLESS GROWTH, JOBS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE GROWTH, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET REGULATION, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR POLICIES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITIES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REGULATION, LABOR-INTENSIVE GROWTH, LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET, LABOUR OFFICE, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LONG RUN, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS, MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MANUFACTURING WAGE, MARGINAL EFFECT, MATERNITY LEAVE, MEAN INCOME, MIGRATION, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OUTPUT GROWTH, OVERVALUED EXCHANGE, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY DISCUSSION, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR GOVERNANCE, POPULATION % CHANGE, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY DATA, POVERTY DATABASE, POVERTY IMPACT, POVERTY IMPACT OF GROWTH, POVERTY INCREASES, POVERTY MEASURE, POVERTY OUTCOMES, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE, PREVIOUS SECTION, PREVIOUS STUDIES, PRICE CONTROLS, PRICE STABILITY, PRO POOR, PRO POOR GROWTH, PRO-POOR, PRO-POOR GROWTH, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCT PRICES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC SECTOR, REDUCED POVERTY, REDUCING POVERTY, RESPECT, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL SECTOR, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SALARIED EMPLOYMENT, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVICE SECTOR, SEVERANCE PAY, SHORT-RUN GROWTH, SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION, SOCIAL SECURITY, STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE POLICY, TRADE VOLUMES, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNION MEMBERSHIP, UNIONS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN EMPLOYMENT, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN POVERTY, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGES, WORKER, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, WORKERS, WORKING POOR, WORKING POPULATION