Discordant Couples : HIV Infection Among Couples in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania

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dc.creatorde Walque, Damien
dc.date2012-06-19T15:22:18Z
dc.date2012-06-19T15:22:18Z
dc.date2006-06
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:27:18Z
dc.descriptionMost analyses of the determinants of HIV infection are performed at the individual level. The recent Demographic and Health Surveys which include results from HIV tests allow studying HIV infection at the level of the cohabiting couple. The paper exploits this feature of the data for Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania. The analysis yields two surprising findings about the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic which have important implications for policy. First, at least two-thirds of the infected couples are discordant couples, that is, couples where only one of the two partners is infected. This implies that there is scope for prevention efforts among couples. Second, between 30 and 40 percent of the infected couples are couples where the female partner only is infected. This is at odds with levels of self-reported marital infidelity by females and with the common perception that unfaithful males are the main link between high risk groups and the general population. This study investigates and confirms the robustness of these findings. For example, even among couples where the woman has been in only one union for 10 years or more, the fraction of couples where only the female partner is infected remains high. These results suggest that extramarital sexual activity among cohabiting women, whatever its causes, is a substantial source of vulnerability to HIV that should be, as much as male infidelity, targeted by prevention efforts. Moreover, this paper uncovers several inconsistencies between the sexual behaviors reported by male and female partners, suggesting that as much as possible, prevention policies should rely on evidence including objectively measured HIV status.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/06/6877459/discordant-couples-hiv-infection-among-couples-burkina-faso-cameroon-ghana-kenya-tanzania
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8417
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3956
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/418238
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 3956
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectAIDS RESEARCH
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectCONDOM
dc.subjectCONDOM USE
dc.subjectCONDOMS
dc.subjectDRUG USERS
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE PREVENTION
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectFEMALE SEX PARTNERS
dc.subjectHEALTH SURVEYS
dc.subjectHIGH RISK GROUPS
dc.subjectHIGH-RISK GROUPS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV DATA
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHIV INFECTIONS
dc.subjectHIV POSITIVE
dc.subjectHIV PREVALENCE
dc.subjectHIV TEST
dc.subjectHIV TESTING
dc.subjectHIV TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectHIV VIRUS
dc.subjectHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
dc.subjectIMMUNODEFICIENCY
dc.subjectMALE PARTNERS
dc.subjectMARITAL SEX
dc.subjectMARRIED MEN
dc.subjectMEDICAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPREVALENCE RATES
dc.subjectPREVENTION EFFORTS
dc.subjectREFUGEES
dc.subjectSEX WITH MEN
dc.subjectSEX WORKERS
dc.subjectSEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSEXUAL BEHAVIORS
dc.subjectSEXUAL ENCOUNTERS
dc.subjectSEXUAL INTERCOURSE
dc.subjectSEXUAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSEXUAL PARTNERS
dc.subjectSEXUAL TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectSPREAD OF HIV
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION
dc.subjectUNAIDS
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectVOLUNTARY COUNSELING
dc.titleDiscordant Couples : HIV Infection Among Couples in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania

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