Shanghai : Developing a Green Electricity Scheme
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report documents the experience of
developing a green electricity scheme in Shanghai, China. It
is intended to be a resource when replicating this effort in
another city or country. The study consists of two parts. In
Part 1, the general characteristics of both the framework
for green electricity products and the market for green
electricity products are presented. It also presents a
summary of international experience, including a description
of the green electricity concept and the market penetration
in different countries, the characteristics of frameworks
under which renewable electricity products are developed,
and the characteristics of products developed under these
frameworks. Different options for verifying and certifying
frameworks are discussed on the basis of case studies.
Finally, the required institutional framework and options
for awareness creation and marketing are examined. In Part
2, the culminating framework and product characteristics for
Shanghai are presented. The report provides a description of
the scope of green electricity in Shanghai and it also
describes the emerging Shanghai framework for green
electricity products. At the end of Part 2, the report
addresses the remaining issues concerning the development of
the framework and the product. In addition, recommendations
are provided for further development and the next steps.
Palabras clave
ACID RAIN, AGRICULTURAL WASTES, AIR QUALITY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, BIOMASS, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CLEANER ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAL, COMBUSTION, CONSUMER DEMAND, ELECTRIC POWER, ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY BILL, ELECTRICITY CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT, ELECTRICITY GENERATING, ELECTRICITY GENERATING CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES, ELECTRICITY MARKET, ELECTRICITY PRICE, ELECTRICITY PRICING, ELECTRICITY PRODUCT, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTS, ELECTRICITY PROVIDERS, ELECTRICITY SALES, ELECTRICITY SOURCE, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, EMISSION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE, END-USER, END-USERS, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY EXPERTS, ENERGY PLANNERS, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, ENERGY SECTOR, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, FLUE GAS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL PRICES, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL PRICE, FUELS, GAS CLEANING, GASIFICATION, GENERATING CAPACITY, GENERATION, GENERATORS, GEOTHERMAL, GEOTHERMAL POWER, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GREEN ELECTRICITY, GREEN POWER, GREEN POWER PROGRAM, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GASES, HYDROPOWER, IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, INCOME, KILOWATT-HOUR, LANDFILL, LANDFILL GAS, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, NATURAL GAS, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDE, NITROGEN OXIDES, OIL, PACIFIC REGION, PARTICULATES, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM COKE, PILOT PROJECTS, POLLUTANTS, POWER COMPANY, POWER SECTOR, POWER SECTORS, POWER STATIONS, PRICE OF ELECTRICITY, PYROLYSIS, RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY, RENEWABLE ENERGIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW, RENEWABLE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLE GENERATION, RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, RENEWABLE SOURCES, RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS, RETAIL COMPETITION, SEWAGE GAS, SOLAR POWER, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SULFUR OXIDES, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, TAX CREDITS, TAX INCENTIVES, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, UTILITIES, WASTE INCINERATION, WIND, WIND FARMS, WOOD