Smart Green Infrastructure in Tiger Range Countries
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report presents the results of
extensive work of the smart green infrastructure task force
commissioned by the World Bank under the Global Tiger
Initiative (GTI). The report benefited from advice, ideas,
and information about tigers and tiger-friendly
infrastructure development from staff at the World Bank, and
from several institutions that promote tiger and
biodiversity conservation throughout the world. This study
addresses infrastructure's impacts on tigers at
international, national, sectoral and project levels in
combination with the mitigation hierarchy which is based on
avoidance, mitigation, minimization and compensation of
impacts. It examines infrastructure policy challenges and
opportunities, using lessons learned from case studies,
along with regional and in-country analyses. While there are
opportunities for improvement in all countries, Russia,
India, Bhutan, and Nepal has, in particular, developed good
foundations for tiger-related conservation, planning, and
policy efforts. Best practices, drawn from case studies in
non-tiger range countries, provide additional insights into
infrastructure practices that could benefit tiger
populations. Avoiding Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs)
is the best and cheapest option available to all parties for
saving wild tigers.
Palabras clave
ACCESS FOR POACHERS, ACCESS ROADS, ACCESS TO WILDLIFE, ACCESSIBILITY, ACTION PLAN, ACTION PLANS, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, AIR, ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS, ANIMAL, ANIMAL SPECIES, ANIMALS, ASSESSMENT REPORTS, AWARENESS BUILDING, BARRIER EFFECT, BASELINE DATA, BASELINE RESEARCH, BEAR, BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, BIG CAT, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY LOSSES, BIODIVERSITY VALUE, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGISTS, BIOSPHERE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE, BREEDING, BREEDING HABITATS, BREEDING POPULATIONS, BRIDGE, BUFFER ZONES, CAMERA TRAPS, CASPIAN TIGER, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, COMMUNITY RANGERS, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, CONSERVATION BENEFITS, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, CONSERVATION LANDSCAPES, CONSERVATION OF NATURE, CONSERVATION PLANNING, CONSERVATION SCIENCE, CORE AREAS, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COUGARS, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, CRITICAL HABITAT, CRITICAL HABITATS, CROSSING, CROSSINGS, CUBS, CULTURAL RESOURCES, CULTURAL VALUES, DEGRADED HABITAT, DIVERSITY OF HABITATS, DOWNSTREAM ECOSYSTEMS, DRAINAGE, DRIVERS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ELEPHANT, ELEPHANTS, EMISSIONS, ENCROACHMENT, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES, EXOTIC SPECIES, EXPOSURE, EXTINCTION, FAUNA, FENCE, FENCES, FENCING, FINANCIAL INCENTIVE, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FLORA, FOOD CHAIN, FOREST, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST RANGERS, FOREST ROADS, FOREST STEWARDSHIP, FORESTS, GAS EMISSIONS, GENETIC, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIC STUDY, GENETIC VARIATION, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GRASSLANDS, HABITAT AREAS, HABITAT CONSERVATION, HABITAT DEGRADATION, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, HABITAT LOSS, HABITAT PROTECTION, HABITATS, HARM, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAYS, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HUMAN POPULATION, HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENT, HUNTING, ILLEGAL TRADE, IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INFRASTRUCTURES, INTACT HABITAT, ISSUES, LAND CLEARANCE, LAND USE, LAND-USE PLANNING, LANDSCAPE DESIGN, LARGE CARNIVORES, LARGE CATS, LARGE MAMMALS, LARGE TRACTS OF FOREST, LEOPARD, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, LOSS OF PREY, LOSS OF TIGERS, LOWLAND RAIN FORESTS, MIGRATORY ROUTES, MINING OPERATIONS, MOVEMENT CORRIDORS, NATIONAL CONSERVATION POLICIES, NATIONAL PARK, NATIONAL PARKS, NATIVE HABITAT, NATURAL HABITAT, NATURAL HABITATS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURE RESERVES, NOISE, PARK BOUNDARIES, POACHERS, POACHING, POPULATION DECLINE, POPULATION GROWTH, PREDATORS, PREY, PREY POPULATIONS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, PUBLIC WORKS, RAILROADS, RAIN FORESTS, RAINFOREST, REFUGE, RESERVES, RIGHT OF WAY, RIVER BASINS, ROAD, ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROAD DENSITY, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD NETWORKS, ROADS, ROUTE, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL ROADS, SATELLITE IMAGERY, SET ASIDE, SITUATION FOR TIGERS, SPECIES, SPECIES COMPOSITION, SPECIES SURVIVAL, SUITABLE HABITAT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY, TAX, THREATS TO TIGERS, TIGER, TIGER AREAS, TIGER CONSERVATION, TIGER CONSERVATION PROGRAMS, TIGER DENSITIES, TIGER EXPERTS, TIGER HABITAT, TIGER HABITATS, TIGER HUNTING, TIGER MONITORING, TIGER NUMBERS, TIGER POACHING, TIGER POPULATION, TIGER POPULATIONS, TIGER RANGE, TIGER RANGE COUNTRIES, TIGER RANGE COUNTRY, TIGER TRADE, TIGERS, TOP PREDATORS, TRADE IN TIGER PARTS, TRAFFIC, TRAILS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TREES, TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY, UNDERPASSES, VEGETATION, VIABLE POPULATIONS, WATERSHED, WEAK ENFORCEMENT, WILD TIGER, WILD TIGER POPULATIONS, WILD TIGERS, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE HABITAT, WILDLIFE POPULATIONS, WILDLIFE REFUGE, WILDLIFE UNDERPASS