Introduction and control of food hazards – Section 1
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This guidance document introduces the concept of good hygiene practices (GHP) and explains how to apply them to produce safe food.
Good hygiene practices form the basis of all food hygiene systems that support the production of safe and suitable food. Food business operators must be aware of hazards that could affect their food and ensure that such hazards are properly managed to protect consumer health. Good hygiene practices are the foundation of any effective food safety management programme and implementing them gives food business operators a system for controlling food safety hazards.
In the context of food safety, a hazard can be defined as any agent or substance associated with food that has the potential to cause harm when the food is ingested. Hazards encountered in foods can be categorized as chemical (e.g. pesticides), biological (e.g. pathogens) or physical (e.g. extraneous materials) all of which can contaminate food at points along the food chain.
This publication is part of the FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety series. The toolbox is a central repository of practical guidance and resource materials to strengthen food safety capacities, both public and private, in order to develop and implement food safety management programmes in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius General Principles of Food Hygiene guidelines.
Care was taken to consider the challenges faced by small food business operators and primary producers in low- and middle-income countries, and those with an institutional role, such as government officials, academia and capacity building organizations.