Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrification Programs : An Operational Methodology
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Rural electrification programs are
generally motivated by the effective and lasting impacts
that they are expected to generate in the field. While there
may be some natural trickle down effect from the massive
investments required to reach high rates of rural
electrification, spontaneous positive effects on social and
economic development are generally limited by a number of
local bottlenecks. Two of the most important deterrents to
the productive uses of electricity are the lack of technical
knowledge and skills of potential users and the financial
means to acquire the relevant equipment. This paper argues
that to be successful, rural electrification programs should
target direct impact on livelihoods and revenue generation
beyond the provision of connections and kilowatt-hours by
implementing electricity projects that affect livelihoods
and generate new revenues.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITY, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, APPROACH, ARTISAN, AVAILABILITY, BI, BIDDING, BIOMASS, BUSINESS MODELS, BUSINESS PLAN, BUSINESS PLANS, BUSINESSES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPACITY OF ELECTRICITY, CASH CROPS, CASH FLOW, CD-ROM, CELL PHONES, CLEAN WATER, COLD STORAGE, COLLABORATION, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMUNICATION MEDIA, COMPETITIVE BIDDING, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPUTERS, CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY, COOLING, COPYRIGHT, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, CRUSHING, CUSTOMS, DATA GATHERING, DECISION MAKERS, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DIESEL, DIESEL GENERATORS, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY, DRILLING, DYNAMICS, E DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY OPTION, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, ELECTRONICS, EMPLOYMENT, END USERS, END-USER, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY GENERATION, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY PLANNERS, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SOURCE, ENGINEERS, EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENTS, FARMERS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FIXED COSTS, FOOD CROPS, FUELS, GAS, GENERATION, GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS, GRID EXTENSION, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEAT, HEATING, HUMAN RESOURCES, ICING, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INNOVATION, INPUT PROVIDERS, INSTALLATION, INSTALLATIONS, INVENTORY, IRRIGATION, KILOWATT-HOURS, KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS, LEARNING, LITERACY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LOCALIZATION, MAINTENANCE COSTS, MARKET DEMAND, MATERIAL, NETWORKS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NUTRITION, OIL, PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS, PILOT PROJECTS, POLITICAL WILL, POOR, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER, POVERTY THRESHOLD, POWER, POWER SECTOR, PRESSURE, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRAMS, PROJECT EVALUATION, RADIO, RADIOS, REFRIGERATION, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RELIABILITY, RENEWABLE ENERGIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESULT, RESULTS, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, RURAL ENERGY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SILO, SITES, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY, SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY, SUPERVISION, TARGETING, TARGETS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE, TIME FRAME, TOOLS, TRAINING INSTITUTES, TRANSACTION, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES, TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, TYPES OF USERS, USES, UTILITIES, VALUE CHAIN, VIDEO, VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES, VOLTAGE, WEALTH CREATION, WELL DRILLING, WIND