Handbook on Impact Evaluation : Quantitative Methods and Practices
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World Bank
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This book reviews quantitative methods
and models of impact evaluation. The formal literature on
impact evaluation methods and practices is large, with a few
useful overviews. Yet there is a need to put the theory into
practice in a hands-on fashion for practitioners. This book
also details challenges and goals in other realms of
evaluation, including monitoring and evaluation (M&E),
operational evaluation, and mixed-methods approaches
combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. This book
is organized as follows. Chapter two reviews the basic
issues pertaining to an evaluation of an intervention to
reach certain targets and goals. It distinguishes impact
evaluation from related concepts such as M&E,
operational evaluation, qualitative versus quantitative
evaluation, and ex-ante versus ex post impact evaluation.
Chapter three focuses on the experimental design of an
impact evaluation, discussing its strengths and
shortcomings. Various non-experimental methods exist as
well, each of which are discussed in turn through chapters
four to seven. Chapter four examines matching methods,
including the propensity score matching technique. Chapter
five deal with double-difference methods in the context of
panel data, which relax some of the assumptions on the
potential sources of selection bias. Chapter six reviews the
instrumental variable method, which further relaxes
assumptions on self-selection. Chapter seven examines
regression discontinuity and pipeline methods, which exploit
the design of the program itself as potential sources of
identification of program impacts. Specifically, chapter
eight presents a discussion of how distributional impacts of
programs can be measured, including new techniques related
to quantile regression. Chapter nine discusses structural
approaches to program evaluation, including economic models
that can lay the groundwork for estimating direct and
indirect effects of a program. Finally, chapter ten
discusses the strengths and weaknesses of experimental and
non-experimental methods and also highlights the usefulness
of impact evaluation tools in policy making.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, AUDITS, BENEFICIARIES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CLINICS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMPARISON GROUPS, CONTROL GROUPS, COUNTERFACTUAL, COUNTERFACTUALS, DATA ANALYSIS, DATA COLLECTION, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, ECONOMIC FACTORS, EVALUATION DESIGN, EVALUATION METHODS, EVALUATION STUDIES, EVALUATORS, EX ANTE ANALYSIS, EX POST EVALUATION, EX POST IMPACT EVALUATION, EXERCISES, EXPERIMENTAL DATA, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, FAMILIES, FINAL INDICATORS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FLEXIBILITY, GENERAL PRACTICE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HYGIENE, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, IMPACT EVALUATION, IMPACT EVALUATION TOOLS, IMPACT INDICATORS, INCOME, INEQUALITY, INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES, INTERMEDIATE INDICATORS, INTERMEDIATE OUTCOMES, INTERVENTION, INTERVIEWS, LABOR MARKETS, LEARNING, M&E SYSTEMS, MATCHING METHODS, METHODOLOGIES, MODELING, MORTALITY, NONEXPERIMENTAL METHODS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NONPARTICIPANT GROUPS, NUTRITION, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLICY CHANGES, POLLUTION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY IMPACTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES, PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS, PROGRAM EFFECTS, PROGRAM EVALUATION, PROGRAM IMPACTS, PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION, PROGRAM INTERVENTIONS, PROGRAM OUTCOMES, PROGRAMS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, PROJECT MONITORING, PROJECT OBJECTIVES, PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, QUALITATIVE DATA, QUALITATIVE METHODS, QUANTITATIVE DATA, QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION, QUANTITATIVE METHODS, QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH, QUESTIONNAIRES, REDUCING POVERTY, REFLEXIVE COMPARISONS, RELIABILITY, RESEARCH PROJECTS, RESEARCHERS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SELECTION BIAS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SIMULATION, SIMULATIONS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SURVEY DATA, SURVEY INSTRUMENTS, TARGETING, TECHNIQUES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSPARENCY, TREATMENT EFFECTS, WAGES, WELL-BEING, Microdata Set