Estimates of Trade-Related Adjustment Costs in Syria
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The scope and complexity of
international trading arrangements in the Middle East, as
well as their spotty historical record of success,
underscores the urgent need for an adequate understanding of
the relative costs and benefits of participation in
preferential trading arrangements and, more generally, of
changes in domestic import regimes. This paper seeks to
address this problem by providing estimates of the
adjustment costs associated with two broad classes of
hypothetical trade policy scenarios for Syria: participation
in preferential trading arrangements, and changes in the
domestic import regime. The authors find that the revenue
consequences of the first scenario may be substantial. Their
analysis of the second scenario suggests that the number of
tariff bands can be reduced, while ensuring revenue
neutrality, via the introduction of a value added tax of
sufficient but reasonable size.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGGREGATE IMPORTS, AGRICULTURE, APPAREL, BANK POLICY, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BENCHMARK, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFITS OF TRADE, BUDGET CONSTRAINT, BUDGET DEFICIT, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, CAPITAL GOODS, CENTRAL PLANNING, CHANGES IN TRADE, CHECKS, COLLECTED TARIFF, COLLECTED TARIFFS, COMMON MARKET, CONCESSIONS, CONSTANT ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, CONSUMER GOODS, CONSUMERS, CONTEXT OF TRADE POLICY, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES, CUSTOMS REGIME, DEMAND ELASTICITY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DUTY DRAWBACKS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC HISTORY, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC POLICY, ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, ELASTICITY PARAMETERS, ELIMINATION OF TARIFFS, ENDOGENOUS TARIFF, ENDOGENOUS TARIFF FORMATION, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE REGIME, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT BIAS, EXPORTER, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN GOODS, FOREIGN PRODUCTS, FOREIGN SOURCES, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, GOVERNMENT DEFICIT, GRAVITY MODEL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT OF TRADE, IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION, IMPORT DECLARATION, IMPORT MARKETS, IMPORT PRICE, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORT PRODUCTS, IMPORT REGIME, IMPORT REGIMES, IMPORT TAX, IMPORT TAXES, IMPORT VALUE, IMPORT VALUES, IMPORT VOLUME, IMPORTS, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRADING, LEVIES, LOBBYING, LOST TARIFF REVENUE, LOW TARIFFS, MARKET PRICE, MONOPOLY, NATIONAL INCOME, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, OPEN ECONOMY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, PRICE CHANGE, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE DECLINES, PRICE EFFECTS, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, PRICE OF IMPORTS, PROCESS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION, PROTECTION FOR SALE, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, REDUCTION IN TARIFFS, SUBSTITUTION EFFECT, TARIFF CHANGE, TARIFF ELIMINATION, TARIFF EXEMPTIONS, TARIFF FORMATION, TARIFF LINE, TARIFF LINES, TARIFF PREFERENCES, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REFORM, TARIFF REVENUE, TARIFF REVENUES, TARIFF SCHEDULE, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TAX REVENUE, TAX REVENUES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL BARRIERS, TERMS OF TRADE, TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS, TOTAL REVENUE, TRADABLE GOODS, TRADE ADJUSTMENT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE DATA, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE MODELS, TRADE PARTNERS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY ANALYSIS, TRADE POLICY REFORM, TRADE PROMOTION, TRADE REFORM, TRADE REGIME, TRADE TAX, TRADE TAXES, TRADING PARTNER, TRADING PARTNERS, TRANSPARENCY, TRUST FUND, UNILATERAL REDUCTION, UTILITY FUNCTION, UTILITY FUNCTIONS, VALUE ADDED, VALUE OF IMPORTS, VOTERS, WELFARE GAINS, WTO, ZERO TARIFF, ZERO TARIFFS