Environmental Health in Nicaragua

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2015-07-23T18:25:07Z
dc.date2015-07-23T18:25:07Z
dc.date2010-06-29
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:11:50Z
dc.descriptionGlobally, an estimated 24 percent of the disease burden (healthy life years lost) and an estimated 23 percent of all deaths (premature mortality) are attributable to environmental risks (World Health Organization, or WHO 2006). The burden of disease is unequally shared, with the children and the poor being particularly affected. Among children between the ages 0 and 14, the proportion of deaths attributable to environmental risks, such as poor water and sanitation, indoor air pollution and vector-borne diseases, is estimated to be as high as 36 percent (WHO 2006). Several key messages have emerged from the process of putting together this study: (i) environmental health risks impose a significant burden on Nicaraguas economy, amounting to 2.6 billion Nicaraguan Cordoba (NIO) or 2.4 percent of the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and result in premature deaths and infections, especially in children under five; (ii) cost-effective interventions to address these environmental health risks exist and should be prioritized in Nicaragua; (iii) country-specific health and environmental data are somewhat limited, especially in the case of air quality, and data collection and monitoring need to be further strengthened; and (iv) the capacity of Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA) and Ministry of Health (MINSA) staff to conduct environmental health costing analysis needs to be strengthened through proper training.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/15947729/nicaragua-addressing-key-environmental-challenges-vol-4-nicaragua-country-environmental-analysis
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22290
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/22290
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416019
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectADEQUATE SANITATION
dc.subjectADULT MORTALITY
dc.subjectAGE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectAVERAGE COSTS
dc.subjectBASIC SANITATION
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectBENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectBOREHOLES
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCENSUSES
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectCHRONIC DISEASE
dc.subjectCLEAN FUELS
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCONTINGENT VALUATION
dc.subjectCOST ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOST OF WATER
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES
dc.subjectECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RISK
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFEMALE LITERACY
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectFLUSH TOILET
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectHEALTH EFFECTS
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH IMPACT
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH RESEARCH
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITALIZATION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD USE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WORK
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINDOOR AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINVESTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectJOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectJOURNAL OF MEDICINE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLONGER LIFE
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMAINTENANCE COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMEDICAL FACILITIES
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectMEDICAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectMETROPOLITAN AREAS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMONITORING PROGRAM
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY REDUCTION
dc.subjectMORTALITY RISK
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL RISK
dc.subjectORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY
dc.subjectOZONE
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPIPED WATER
dc.subjectPIT LATRINES
dc.subjectPOLICY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectPOLLUTION LEVELS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROUPS
dc.subjectPOPULATION SUBGROUP
dc.subjectPOTABLE WATER
dc.subjectPREMATURE DEATH
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE OF WATER
dc.subjectPRIVATE DOCTORS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectQUALITY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectQUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectRESOURCE LIMITATIONS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRISK FACTORS
dc.subjectRISK OF DEATH
dc.subjectRISK OF ILLNESS
dc.subjectRIVERS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL DRINKING WATER
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL SANITATION
dc.subjectRURAL VILLAGES
dc.subjectRURAL WATER
dc.subjectRURAL WATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectRURAL WOMEN
dc.subjectSAFE DRINKING WATER
dc.subjectSAFETY EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSANITATION COVERAGE
dc.subjectSANITATION FACILITIES
dc.subjectSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSEWAGE TREATMENT
dc.subjectSMOKING
dc.subjectSPRING WATER
dc.subjectSURFACE WATER
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN WATER
dc.subjectURBAN WATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectVACCINATION
dc.subjectVENTILATION
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWASHING
dc.subjectWATER CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectWATER QUALITY
dc.subjectWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectWATER SANITATION
dc.subjectWATER SOURCE
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWATER TREATMENT
dc.subjectWATER TREATMENT PLANT
dc.subjectWELLS
dc.subjectWILLINGNESS TO PAY
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.titleEnvironmental Health in Nicaragua
dc.titleStudy 1 Technical Annexes
dc.typeReport
dc.typeRapport
dc.typeInforme

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