Trafficking and Fragility in West Africa
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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Trafficking is an emerging concern in
West Africa. In 2011, 17 percent of all cocaine consumed in
Europe -- 21 tons -- passed through the region, for a retail
value of US$1.7 billion. This paper discusses the evolution
of trafficking in the region and provides estimates of the
size and value of trafficking flows to demonstrate the
significance of this illegal activity. Although this topic
is gaining increasing attention, less attention has been has
been paid to how trafficking is perpetuating fragility. This
paper contributes to this area of research by identifying
five channels through which trafficking is intensifying
fragility in the region. The relative importance of each
channel is discussed, with specific countries as case-study
examples. Possible programmatic responses are then suggested
with examples of policy approaches successfully adopted
elsewhere in the world.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, ACCIDENTS, ACCOUNTABILITY, ALLIANCES, ANTI-CORRUPTION, ARMED FORCE, ASSAULT, ASSAULTS, ASSETS, BASIC SERVICE, BUSINESSMEN, CANNABIS, CITIZEN, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, CLEAN WATER, COCAINE, COLLAPSE, COLLUSION, COMBATANTS, COMPLAINTS, CONFLICT, CONFLICT PREVENTION, CONFLICTS, CONTAINMENT, CONVICTION, CORRUPT, CORRUPT OFFICIALS, CORRUPTION, CORRUPTION FIGHT, COUNTERINSURGENCY, COUNTRY REPORTS, CRIME, CRIME PREVENTION, CRIME RATES, CRIMES, CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, CRIMINAL, CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS, CRIMINALITY, CRIMINALS, DEMOBILIZATION, DEMOCRACY, DEPENDENCE, DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DISARMAMENT, DRUG, DRUG SEIZURES, DRUG TRADE, DRUG TRAFFICKER, DRUG TRAFFICKERS, DRUG TRAFFICKING, DRUGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELECTIONS, EX-COMBATANTS, EXTORTION, FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION, FIGHTING, FIREARMS, FOREIGNERS, GANG, GANGS, GENOCIDE, GLOBAL INITIATIVE, GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION, GROWTH RATE, GUNS, HEROIN, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN SECURITY, HUMAN TRAFFICKING, INCOME, INSECURITY, INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES, INTEGRITY, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTIGATIONS, INVESTIGATORS, JUDICIAL PROCESSES, JUDICIAL SYSTEMS, KIDNAPPING, LAW ENFORCEMENT, LAWS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL GOVERNANCE, MARKET ECONOMY, MEDIA, MEDIATION, MENTORING, MILITARY BUDGETS, MILITARY EXPENDITURE, MILITARY LEADERS, MINISTER, MONEY LAUNDERING, MULTINATIONAL, NARCOTICS, NARCOTICS CONTROL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCES, ORGANISED CRIME, ORGANIZED CRIME, ORGANIZED CRIMES, PATRONAGE, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, PEACEBUILDING, POLICE, POLICE OFFICERS, POLITICAL COMPETITION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, POLITICIANS, PRISON, PROJECT DESIGNS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROSECUTION, PROSECUTOR, PUBLIC OFFICIALS, REBEL, REBELS, RECONCILIATION, RECONSTRUCTION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REMEDY, RIGHT, ROAD, ROADS, RULE OF LAW, SECURITY FORCES, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, SHOOTING, SMUGGLERS, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL SERVICE, SOCIAL SERVICES, TERRORISM, THEFT, TOLERANCE, TRAFFICKING, TRANSITION FROM WAR TO PEACE, TRANSPARENCY, TRIAL, UNDP, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE PREVENTION, VIOLENT CRIME, WEAPONS, WORLD DEVELOPMENT, YOUTH, YOUTH EMPOWERMENT, YOUTH INVOLVEMENT