International Patterns of Pension Provision II : A Worldwide Overview of Facts and Figures
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
This paper presents and explains cross
country data for mandatory publicly and privately managed
pension systems around the world. This report is organized
into three parts corresponding to three broad types of
indicators. These indicators relate to: (i) the relevant
contextual factors referred to here as environment; (ii)
pension system design parameters; and (iii) indicators of
performance. Part one of the report provides some
information on the environment in which the system operates,
focusing on demographic and labor market conditions.
Understanding the current and future path of demographic
patterns, especially aging, will place the later section on
performance into a clearer perspective. Part two on pension
system design uses a standardized taxonomy to describe
differences across countries. The data on system design are
presented in two groups of indicators: (i) overall
architecture of the system: pillars, schemes including civil
servants and other special schemes, and (ii) operating
parameters of the system, which includes two sub-groups: a)
qualifying conditions: pension eligibility ages, and
contribution history, and b) contribution rates, defined
benefit (DB), and defined contribution (DC) schemes, and
indexation. It should be noted that while many countries
have more than one program providing retirement income
benefits, unless otherwise indicated, most of the data refer
only to the national scheme. Part three presents a set of
performance indicators. The indicators included are core
pension indicators that illustrate six key criteria of any
pension scheme, namely: (i) coverage, (ii) adequacy, (iii)
financial sustainability, (iv) economic efficiency (i.e.,
minimizing the distortions of the retirement?income system
on individuals' behavior, such as labor supply and
savings outside of pension plans), (v) administrative
efficiency, and (vi)) security of benefits in the face of
different risks and uncertainties.
Palabras clave
ACCRUAL RATE, ACCRUAL RATES, ADVANCED COUNTRIES, AGE CATEGORIES, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGE GROUP, ANNUITY, ASYLUM, AVERAGE WAGE, AVERAGE WAGE GROWTH, BANK ACCOUNTS, BANK LENDING, BASIC PENSION, BASIC PENSIONS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BENEFIT FORMULAE, BENEFIT FORMULAS, BENEFIT INDEXATION, CASH TRANSFERS, CENTER FOR HEALTH, CHANGE IN POPULATION, CHANGES IN FERTILITY, CHILD REARING, CHILDBEARING, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT, CONTRACTUAL SAVINGS, CONTRIBUTION RATES, CONTRIBUTION RECORDS, CORESIDENCE, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DEATH RATES, DEFINED BENEFIT, DEFINED BENEFIT SCHEMES, DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PENSIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DISABILITY, DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS, DIVISION OF LABOR, EARLY RETIREMENT, EARNING, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELDERLY, ELDERLY POPULATION, EMPLOYEE, FAMILY POLICIES, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FUNDED BASIS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER GAP, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROSS REPLACEMENT RATES, GROSS WAGES, GROWTH RATE, HUMAN RESOURCE, INCOME GROUP, INCOME LEVEL, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT, INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INSURANCE POLICIES, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION, INVESTMENT RISK, INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCIES, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE INSURANCE, LIVE BIRTHS, MANDATES, MANDATORY SAVING, MANDATORY SYSTEMS, MARKET CONDITIONS, MARKET DATA, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MORTALITY, MORTGAGES, MULTIPILLAR PENSION SYSTEMS, MULTIPILLAR SYSTEMS, MUTUAL FUNDS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PENSION, NEWBORN, NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OCCUPATION, OLD AGE, OLDER PEOPLE, OLDER WORKERS, PAYROLL TAX, PENSION, PENSION AGE, PENSION BENEFIT, PENSION BENEFITS, PENSION COVERAGE, PENSION DEBT, PENSION ENTITLEMENT, PENSION EXPENDITURE, PENSION EXPENDITURES, PENSION FRAMEWORK, PENSION INCOME, PENSION INDICATORS, PENSION LIABILITIES, PENSION LIABILITY, PENSION PLANS, PENSION POLICY, PENSION PROGRAMS, PENSION PROVISION, PENSION REFORM, PENSION SAVINGS, PENSION SCHEME, PENSION SCHEMES, PENSION SPENDING, PENSION SYSTEM, PENSION SYSTEMS, PENSION WEALTH, PENSIONABLE AGE, PENSIONERS, PENSIONS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POPULATION AGEING, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION CENSUSES, POPULATION DATA, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION FORECASTS, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, PRESENT VALUE, PREVIOUS SECTION, PRICE INDEXATION, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE PENSION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PROVIDENT FUND, PROVIDENT FUNDS, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC DEFICIT, PUBLIC PENSION, PUBLIC SCHEME, PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES, PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, PUBLIC SERVICE, REFUGEES, REPLACEMENT RATE, REPLACEMENT RATES, RESERVES, RETIREES, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENT AGE, RETIREMENT AGES, RETIREMENT BEHAVIOR, RETIREMENT INCOME, RETIREMENT INCOME PROVISION, RETIREMENT INVESTMENT, RETIREMENT-INCOME, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SELF EMPLOYMENT, SERVANTS, SEX, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTION, SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY REFORMS, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM, SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS, TAX FINANCING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNFUNDED PENSION, URBAN POPULATION, VOLUNTARY PENSIONS, WAGE BILL, WAGE LEVEL, WAGE LEVELS, WOMAN, WORKER, WORKFORCE, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, aging populations