Climate Proofing Infrastructure in Bangladesh : The Incremental Cost of Limiting Future Inland Monsoon Flood Damage
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Two-thirds of Bangladesh is less than 5
meters above sea level, making it one of the most flood
prone countries in the world. Severe flooding during a
monsoon causes significant damage to crops and property,
with severe adverse impacts on rural livelihoods. Future
climate change seems likely to increase the destructive
power of monsoon floods. This paper examines the potential
cost of offsetting increased flooding risk from climate
change, based on simulations from a climate model of extreme
floods out to 2050. Using the 1998 flood as a benchmark for
evaluating additional protection measures, the authors
calculate conservatively that necessary capital investments
out to 2050 would total US$2,671 million (at 2009 prices) to
protect roads and railways, river embankments surrounding
agricultural lands, and drainage systems and erosion control
measures for major towns. With gradual climate change,
however, required investments would be phased. Beyond these
capital-intensive investments, improved policies, planning
and institutions are essential to ensure that such
investments are used correctly and yield the expected
benefits. Particular attention is needed to the robustness
of benefits from large-scale fixed capital investments.
Investments in increased understanding of risk-mitigation
options and in economic mobility will have especially high returns.
Palabras clave
ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, BANKS, BUILDING CODES, CAPITAL COST, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE RISK, CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY, CLIMATE MODEL, CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS, CLIMATE PROOFING, CLIMATE RISK, CLIMATE RISK SCREENING, CLIMATE RISKS, CLIMATE SCENARIO, CLIMATE-RELATED RISKS, CONGESTION, CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COST ESTIMATES, CULVERTS, CYCLONIC STORM, DAMAGES, DISASTER, DISASTER MANAGEMENT, DISASTER RELIEF, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, EARLY WARNING, EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, EMERGENCY SHELTERS, EMISSION, EMISSION SCENARIO, EMISSION SCENARIOS, EROSION CONTROL, EVAPORATION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EXTREME EVENT, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FATALITIES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FLOOD, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD DAMAGE, FLOOD FORECASTING, FLOOD MANAGEMENT, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOODED, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD SECURITY, FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE, GCM, GLOBAL WARMING, HEAVY RAINFALL, HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES, HYDROLOGICAL YEAR, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPORTS, INCOME, INFORMATION ON CLIMATE, INFORMATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFRASTRUCTURES, INSPECTION, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, IPCC, IRON, LA NINA, LAND USE, LENGTH OF ROAD, LENGTH OF ROADS, MOBILITY, MONSOONS, NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEGOTIATIONS, PEAK PERIOD, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, PP, PRECIPITATION, PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE, PUBLIC WORKS, RAIL, RAIL NETWORK, RAIL TRACK, RAIL TRACKS, RAILWAY, RAILWAYS, RAIN, RAINFALL DATA, RAINFALL RUNOFF, RELIEF OPERATIONS, RISK EXPOSURE, RISK EXPOSURES, ROAD, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD TYPE, ROADS, ROADWAY, RURAL ROADS, SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, SEASON, STORM, STORM SURGES, SURFACE RUNOFF, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE INCREASE, TIDAL WAVES, TOTAL COST, TOTAL COSTS, TOTAL DAMAGES, TRAINS, TRANSPORT, TYPES OF ROADS