Change in water-use efficiency over time (SDG indicator 6.4.1)
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The purpose of this document is to provide suggestions for the interpretation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicator 6.4.1. In particular, it focuses on the concept of economic decoupling from water-use, and its application in policy making.
The evolution in water-use and water-use efficiency in four selected regions: Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, is discussed. Particular attention is given to the evolution in water-use, water-use efficiency and related drivers in two groups of countries, including major developed economies and newly industrialized countries, and in different economic sectors.
The relation of water-use efficiency with economic growth and access to safe drinking water is analyzed and discussed in the context of the literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve applied to water resources. A country-based example is presented to illustrate some aspects of these issues and a few concluding remarks are provided.