The Role of Biodiversity and Ecosystems in Sustainable Development
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Biologically diverse ecosystems in
countries served by the World Bank provide an array of
valuable economic services. While the benefits of conserving
ecosystems frequently outweigh the costs, conversion of
these ecosystems to other uses occurs anyway, because many
ecosystem benefits are of a public good nature, without
markets that would reflect their real value. The objective
of this paper was defined at a Concept review meeting held
on December 2009 and is to increase the understanding on how
biodiversity is incorporated in a development agency such as
the World Bank Group (WBG) and how the WBG can enhance its
role in biodiversity and ecosystems protection and
management as a key ingredient to reach development
sustainability. In order to define a reasonable strategy to
prepare this paper, two approaches were used: the first was
to carry out background and analytical studies, and the
second was to consult with a wide range of stakeholders
including Bank staff, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs),
and indigenous groups. Biodiversity provides many
instrumental benefits, from food and fuel to recreation. But
even where biodiversity is not immediately instrumental, it
represents global public goods that must be protected, if
only for their potential value in the future. The Global
Environment Facility (GEF) has been the mainstay of grants
implemented by the Bank ($1.4 billion) for biodiversity
conservation and management, but the Bank has itself
committed $2 billion in loans and has leveraged $2.9 billion
in co-financing.
Palabras clave
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURE, AMPHIBIANS, APPROACH TO BIODIVERSITY, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY ACTIVITIES, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY CRISIS, BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEMS, BIODIVERSITY FUNDS, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, BIODIVERSITY VALUATION, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS, BIOLOGY, BIOMASS, BIRDS, BUFFER ZONES, BUILDING MATERIALS, CARBON, CARBON CYCLE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CARBON SINKS, CARBON STORAGE, CASE STUDIES, CATTLE, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, COASTAL ZONE, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY, CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY, CONSTRUCTION, CONTINGENT VALUATION, CORAL REEFS, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEM, CRITICAL ECOSYSTEMS, CRITICAL HABITATS, CRITICAL NATURAL HABITATS, CROP PRODUCTION, CROPS, DAMS, DATA COLLECTION, DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY, DEFORESTATION, DIETS, DRY SEASON, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC MODELS, ECONOMIC VALUATION, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMIC VALUES, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION, ECOSYSTEM GOODS, ECOSYSTEM HEALTH, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION, ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE, ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, ECOSYSTEMS, EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, EMISSIONS, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENDEMIC SPECIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS, EROSION, EROSION CONTROL, EXPLOITATION, EXTERNALITIES, FARMS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISH, FISH STOCK, FISHERIES, FISHERS, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FRAGMENTATION, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENETIC MATERIAL, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, GRANT MONEY, GRASSLANDS, GREENHOUSE GASES, HABITAT, HABITAT CONSERVATION, HABITAT DESTRUCTION, HOT SPOTS, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, ILLEGAL TRADE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES, INVASIVE SPECIES, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND USES, LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPES, LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES, LIVELIHOODS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL LIVELIHOODS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, LOSS OF SPECIES, MANGROVES, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, MARINE FISHERIES, MARINE RESERVES, MARINE RESOURCES, MITIGATION, MOUNTAINS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTING, NATIONAL WILDLIFE, NATURAL AREAS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL FEATURES, NATURAL HABITAT, NATURAL HABITATS, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NATURE, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NUTRIENT CYCLING, OIL, PARKS, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, PREDATORS, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE COSTS, PROTECTED AREAS, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, RAINFALL, RECYCLING, RED LIST, REDUCING EMISSIONS, REDUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY, REPLENISHMENT, RESERVOIRS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RIVERINE, SOIL EROSION, SOILS, STORM PROTECTION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, SUSTAINABLE USE, THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY, TIMBER, TOURISM, TRADEOFFS, TREE SPECIES, TROPICAL FORESTS, UNSUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION, VEGETATIVE COVER, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED PROTECTION, WATERSHEDS, WETLANDS, WILD NATURE, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE TRADE, WORLD FISHERIES