Equity, Access to Health Care Services and Expenditures on Health in Nicaragua
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Nicaragua has embarked on an ambitious
health sector program, which has contributed to significant
progress in the health sector over the past decade. Health
indicators show gradual but steady improvements: access to
basic services such as clean water and sanitation facilities
has improved, as have other related performance indicators
such as life expectancy, infant/child mortality,
immunization rates, and child nutrition among others.
Despite these achievements, there are still large inequities
in access and quality of health services across
socioeconomic groups and regions. Poor individuals living in
rural areas (especially in the Central and Atlantic
regions), the indigenous population, and individuals living
in households engaged in agriculture have average access to
health care services and preventive care. The lack of risk
mitigation mechanisms such as insurance and social security
is causing users in Nicaragua to spend, out-of-pocket, a
significant share of their income on health care, especially
to buy medications and other non-consultation items such as
medical tests. Long distances, lack of medicines, and high
costs and other demand-side factors (such as
self-prescription) constitute the main constraints causing
poor and sick individuals to seek informal care or not to
seek care at all.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, ADOLESCENT MOTHERS, ADULT EDUCATION, AGED, AIDS, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, BABIES, BASIC HEALTH CARE, BREAST-FEEDING, BREASTFEEDING, BULLETIN, CAUSE OF DISABILITY, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH CARE, CHILD HEALTH SERVICES, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD NUTRITION, CHILD-BEARING, CHILDBIRTH, CHILDREN, CHILDREN PER WOMAN, CHRONIC CONDITIONS, CLINICS, CONDOMS, CONTRACEPTION, COSTS, DEMAND, DIET, DIPHTHERIA, DOCTORS, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EMERGENCIES, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EPIDEMIC, EQUITY, ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES, EXPENDITURES, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCING, GENDER GAP, HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH EXPENDITURES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PLAN, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH POSTS, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH REFORMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICE, HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH TARGETS, HEALTH WORKERS, HETEROSEXUAL CONTACT, HIV, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOSPITALIZATION, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMPROVEMENT OF WOMEN, INCIDENCE, INCOME, INDIGENOUS GROUPS, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT HEALTH, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFERTILITY, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNET, INTERVENTION, IRON, KEY HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, KNOWLEDGE, LABOR FORCE, LAWS, LESS FORMAL EDUCATION, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVE BIRTHS, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH CARE, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEASLES, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL EDUCATION, MEDICAL FACILITY, MEDICAL TESTS, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MEDICINES, MENTAL HEALTH, MIDWIFE, MIDWIFES, MIDWIVES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MODERNIZATION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTHER, NATAL CARE, NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NEONATAL HEALTH, NEONATAL MORTALITY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NURSES, NURSING, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY, OUTPATIENT CARE, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PATIENTS, PEOPLE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICIANS, POLICIES, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLIO, POOR FAMILIES, POPULATION, POPULATION GROUPS, POSTPARTUM CARE, POVERTY, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVENTION, PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES, PROBABILITY, PROGRESS, PROVISION OF SERVICES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PUBLICATIONS, QUALITY OF HEALTH, QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE, QUALITY SERVICES, REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, REPRODUCTIVE NEEDS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RISKS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE UTILIZATION, SEXUAL RELATIONS, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WORKERS, SPOUSE, STRATEGY, SUICIDE, TEEN, TEEN PREGNANCY, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TETANUS, TRAINING, TRANSPORTATION, TUBERCULOSIS, UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, USE OF CONDOMS, USE OF RESOURCES, VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WOMEN OF CHILD-BEARING AGE, WORKERS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG MOTHERS, YOUNG WOMEN