Health Care Reforms that Serve the Poor
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report presents the chairman
Bruntland speech on the remarkable achievements in health,
nutrition, and population (delivered at the XII Malente Symposium of the Drager Foundation in Lubec). There have been greater gains in
life expectancy and greater decreases in birth rates
throughout the world in the past four decades than during
the entire previous four centuries. In his speech chairman
has cite few achievements such as: 1) people all over the
world live almost 25 years longer today than they would have
lived at similar income levels in 1900; 2) there have been
huge gains in infant mortality: the proportion of children
who die before reaching age five is now less than half the
level it was in 1960; 3) contraceptive use in low- and
middle-income countries rose from 10 percent of married
couples in the mid- 1960s, to 55 percent in 1990; and as a
result of this and other factors; and 4) on average, women
choose (and are able to act on this choice) to have three
children each, down from five in 1960. Even in his speech
chairman points that enormous progress have been made in
understanding the causes of diseases, and in developing
effective preventive and curative interventions such as
immunization and antibiotics, but still there are challenges
in the health sector, and policy option to channel scarce
resources to the poor.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, AID, AIDS PREVENTION, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, BASIC NEEDS, BIRTH RATES, BLINDNESS, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CLEAN WATER, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, CONTRACEPTION, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, DEATHS, DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS, DIET, DISSEMINATION, DRUG ABUSE, DRUGS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EQUITABLE ACCESS, ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES, FAMILIES, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES, FEMALE, FEMALE LITERACY, FERTILITY, FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, GLOBAL HEALTH, GLOBAL POVERTY, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE COSTS, HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE, HEALTH CARE NEEDS, HEALTH CARE REFORM, HEALTH CARE REFORMS, HEALTH CARE RESOURCES, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH PROJECTS, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH REFORMS, HEALTH RESEARCH, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SECTOR REFORM, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH STATUS, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT, HIGH FERTILITY, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILL HEALTH, ILLITERACY, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMPACT OF AIDS, IMPACT ON HEALTH, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANTS, INFORMAL SECTOR, INJURIES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POPULATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, LAWS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE EXPECTANCY GAINS, LIFESTYLES, LITERACY RATES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALARIA, MARRIED COUPLES, MEASLES, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUTRITION, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, PERINATAL CONDITIONS, PHYSICIAN, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY RESEARCH, POLIO, POOR HEALTH, POOR INDIVIDUALS, POOR NUTRITION, POOR PEOPLE, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION ISSUES, POPULATION SECTOR, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE CLINICS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SECTOR, REPRODUCTION, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE SERVICES, RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENTS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SAFE MOTHERHOOD, SANITATION, SCARCE RESOURCES, SCHOOL HEALTH, SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SHARE OF PUBLIC SPENDING, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL SERVICES, STRATEGY ON POPULATION, STRESSES, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, VACCINES, VULNERABILITY, WORLD CONFERENCE, WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION