China : Air, Land, and Water - Environmental Priorities for a New Millennium
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Washington, DC
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This report represents a further chapter
in the dialogue between the World Bank and the People's
Republic of China about how to promote economic growth and
protect China's environment. There are three
cross-cutting issues that keep recurring throughout the
analysis. These issues characterize the environmental
management challenge over the next decade: First, the
environmental agenda is becoming so complex and large that
it cannot be adequately managed by one agency--the State
Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and its
counterparts at lower levels--working on its own. Effective
solutions will require the combined and coordinated efforts
of many different branches of government and the re-thinking
of many development policies. Second, the systemic fiscal
and budgetary problems facing the country as a whole are
making it difficult for environmental institutions to do
their work. There is a growing gap between assigned
responsibilities and the resources provided to carry out
those responsibilities. Third, the government has to
continue to diversify the approaches it takes and the
environmental tools it uses to provide a better fit between
the solutions developed and the problems being experienced
in different parts of the country. The
"one-size-fits-all" approach, as exemplified by
various mass environmental campaigns, played a useful role
in the past, but is proving increasingly inadequate to meet
current demands.
Palabras clave
ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, AIR QUALITY, AUDITS, BASIN AUTHORITY, BASIN COMMISSION, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BOD, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, CARBON MONOXIDE, CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, CLEANER PRODUCTION, COAL, COD, COMMUNITY GROUPS, CONSERVATION, CONSERVATION OF NATURE, CONSTRUCTION, DEBT, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMISSION, EMISSION SOURCES, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS, EMPLOYMENT, ENDANGERED SPECIES, ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM, ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY, ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CAMPAIGNS, ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS, ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMISSION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNALITIES, FLUE GAS, FORESTRY, FUELS, GAS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, GREENHOUSE, HAZARDOUS WASTES, HEALTH RISKS, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMPARTIAL JUDICIARY, IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES, INDUSTRIAL AREAS, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND RESOURCES, LEGAL STATUS, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, MUNICIPAL SEWAGE, MUNICIPAL WASTE, MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NITROGEN OXIDES, OIL, OZONE, OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES, PARTICULATE MATTER, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY LINE, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, QUALITY ASSESSMENT, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RIVER BASIN, RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY, RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, RIVER BASINS, RIVERS, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SPATIAL PLANNING, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TIMBER, TRADE ORGANIZATION, VEHICLE EMISSIONS, WASTE, WASTE DISCHARGES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE WATER, WASTE WATER TREATMENT, WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER POLLUTION, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER DEMAND, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER QUALITY TRENDS, WATER RESOURCES, WATER TABLE, WATER TREATMENT, WATER TREATMENT PLANT, WATER USE, WETLANDS