Pakistan - Strategic Environmental, Poverty and Social Assessment of Trade and Transport Sector Reforms
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Washington, DC
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The Government of Pakistan's
(GoP's) 2011 framework for economic growth seeks to
place Pakistan on a sustained high economic growth path of 7
percent per year through measures to reduce the cost of
doing business, improve the investment climate, and
strengthen institutions. Trade and transport reforms are
central to achieve the Framework's goal. The transport
sector constitutes 10 percent of Pakistan's Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and provides 6 percent of the
employment in the country. The sector plays an important
role in linking other sectors in the economy, contributes to
both domestic and international trade, and helps facilitate
the spatial transformation occurring in Pakistan. However,
present patterns in transport and trade logistics generate
inefficiencies that are costing Pakistan's economy
roughly 4-6 percent of GDP per year, which is a major
constraint to the aspirations set out in the Framework. This
analytical work on Strategic Environmental, Poverty, and
Social Assessment (SEPSA) of trade and transport sector
reforms examines poverty, social and environmental aspects
associated with reforms that would increase the freight
transport sector's productivity to meet the framework
goals. it focused on the following areas: (i) SEPSA's
methodology and aims; (ii) description of key challenges in
Pakistan's freight transport sectors, including the
road, trucking, railway, port, and aviation sectors, as well
as trade and transport interventions and reforms proposed by
the GoP and other stakeholders; (iii) identification of
stakeholders, particularly the most vulnerable groups that
could be affected by reforms aimed at increasing freight
transport productivity, and analyzing the priority poverty
issues associated with freight transport in Pakistan; (iv)
identification jointly with stakeholders of priority social
and environmental issues associated with freight transport,
and analyzing such issues; (iv) examination of potential
freight transportation social and environmental policy
options for enhancing positive effects or reducing adverse
effects associated with increases in freight transport
productivity; and (v) identification of options to
strengthen governance and the institutional capacity of
agencies to manage the environmental, social and poverty
priorities associated with Pakistan's freight transportation.
Palabras clave
ACCELERATION, ACCESSIBILITY, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, AIR TRANSPORT, AMBIENT AIR, AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION, AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, AVIATION SECTOR, BOTTLENECKS, BUSES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARGO, CARS, CEMENT, CHLORINE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAL, CONCESSIONS, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DESIGN OF TRANSPORT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIESEL, DISABILITIES, DRIVING, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EFFLUENTS, EMISSION, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS, EQUILIBRIUM, EXTERNALITIES, FATAL ACCIDENTS, FATALITIES, FEEDER ROADS, FISHING, FRAMEWORK, FREIGHT, FREIGHT CLEARANCE, FREIGHT EFFICIENCY, FREIGHT FORWARDERS, FREIGHT FORWARDING, FREIGHT SECTOR, FREIGHT SERVICES, FREIGHT TRAFFIC, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SECTOR, FUEL, FUEL COSTS, FUELS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GASES, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY AUTHORITY, HIGHWAY INVESTMENT, HIGHWAY NETWORK, INCOME, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INJURIES, INJURY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL ROADS, LONG-DISTANCE, LONGER DISTANCES, MAIN ROADS, MARKET COMPETITION, MODAL SHIFT, MODE OF TRANSPORT, MODE OF TRANSPORTATION, MOTORWAYS, MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT, NATIONAL HIGHWAYS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NOISE, NOISE LEVELS, NOISE POLLUTION, PARTICULATE MATTER, PASSENGER, PASSENGER SERVICES, PASSENGER TRAFFIC, PASSENGER TRANSPORT, PASSENGERS, PATH, PATRONAGE, PAVED ROADS, PAVEMENT, PAVEMENT CONDITION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POOR ROAD, POOR ROAD MAINTENANCE, POPULATION GROWTH, PORT AUTHORITIES, PORTS, PRIVATE OPERATORS, PRIVATE PARTICIPATION, PROVINCIAL ROADS, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, QUALITY OF TRANSPORT, RAIL, RAIL FREIGHT, RAIL LINES, RAIL LINKS, RAIL SERVICES, RAIL TRACK, RAIL TRANSPORT, RAILROAD, RAILROADS, RAILWAY, RAILWAY TRAFFIC, RAILWAY TRANSPORT, RAILWAYS, RECONSTRUCTION, RESETTLEMENT, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROAD ACCIDENTS, ROAD CAPACITY, ROAD CONGESTION, ROAD CONSTRUCTION, ROAD DENSITY, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, ROAD HIERARCHY, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD INVESTMENT, ROAD INVESTMENTS, ROAD LENGTH, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD SECTOR, ROAD TRAFFIC, ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR, ROAD USER, ROAD USER COSTS, ROADS, ROUTES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ROADS, SHARING, SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, SOCIAL IMPACTS, SPEEDS, TOLL, TOLL REVENUES, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC DEATH, TRAFFIC DEATH RATE, TRAFFIC DEATHS, TRAFFIC DENSITY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT AGENCIES, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT DEMAND, TRANSPORT FACILITATION, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT NETWORKS, TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT POLICY, TRANSPORT POLICY REFORMS, TRANSPORT REFORM, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SUPPLY, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION REFORMS, TRIPS, TRUCK DRIVERS, TRUCKING, TRUCKS, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN PLANNING, URBAN SPRAWL, URBAN TRANSPORT, URBAN TRANSPORTATION, URBANIZATION, VEHICLE, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLES, WATERSHED, WEALTH, WETLANDS