Enhancing Private Sector Engagement in Low-Emission Rice Development: Quantifying Carbon Mitigation Potential and Investment Pathways in Can Tho, Viet Nam
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International Rice Research Institute
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Can Tho's rice cultivation currently generates approximately 1.09 MtCO₂e of greenhouse gas emissions per year, distributed across three growing seasons. Fully scaling Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) and straw removal to all suitable areas could reduce field-level emissions by approximately 0.26 MtCO₂e per year – equivalent to about one-third of current rice-sector emissions. These reductions can be achieved at an average cost of US$40–42 per tCO₂e, requiring total program investments of approximately US$11 million. Farmer incentives of up to US$74 per hectare would primarily support straw removal, as AWD adoption is already near its practical ceiling. However, infrastructure gaps – particularly limited field drainage and weak water-control capacity – remain binding constraints for further AWD expansion. To maximize impact, mitigation efforts should be embedded within Can Tho's broader green growth strategy, including low-carbon rice certification and branding. Achieving these goals will require active private sector participation alongside public investment, supported by blended finance, concessional loans, and performance-based payments to accelerate the transition toward low-emission rice systems.
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rice, cropping systems, greenhouse gas emissions, methane emission, crop residues, climate change mitigation, water management, irrigation systems, carbon markets