Estimating Trade Flows, Describing Trade Relationships, and Identifying Barriers to Cross-Border Trade Between Cameroon and Nigeria
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Washington, DC
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Cameroon and Nigeria share a common
border of nearly 1,700km and both countries have strong
historical and cultural ties. However, the partnership
between the two countries has had its difficult periods,
most recently when the relationship turned hostile over the
disputed Bakassi Peninsula, and economic linkages between
the economies remain limited. Expanding trade between the
two countries could play a critical role in accelerating
economic development and regional integration by opening up
new markets for producers, and allowing them to benefit from
economies of scale. This will require reducing barriers to
cross-border trade, allowing increased trade flows to reach
the larger market, and permitting private sector producers
to increase the scale of their activities. Removing barriers
to trade between the two neighbors is likely to benefit
particularly relatively remote areas of both countries. The
study finds that regulatory and security barriers at the
border and along the road remain key impediments to trade.
The remainder of this report proceeds as follows. Section
one describes drivers for cross border trade such as
historical relations, economic factors, and the policy
environment. The next section describes the reality of trade
flows by describing existing trade corridors and estimating
current trade flows. Section three describes how goods are
actually traded across borders between the two countries,
and how different actors are involved. Section four
describes the barriers to trade, and identifies which
barriers are most important. Section five describes the
potential for increasing trade. Section six summarizes the
findings and presents prioritized recommendations for policy reform.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESSIBILITY, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, ARBITRAGE, AUTOMOBILE, AVERAGE PRODUCTION COSTS, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BENCHMARKING, BICYCLES, BILATERAL AGREEMENT, BILATERAL TRADE, BORDER CROSSING, BORDER CROSSINGS, BUS, CARS, CASE-BY-CASE BASIS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COLLUSION, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMERS, COUNTERVAILING POWER, CROSS-BORDER TRADE, CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTIONS, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS BROKERS, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS DUTIES, CUSTOMS OFFICERS, CUSTOMS OFFICES, CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, CUSTOMS OFFICIALS CLAIM, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, CUSTOMS VALUATION, DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC SUBSIDIES, DOMESTIC TRADE, DOMESTIC TRANSPORT, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROUPINGS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OUTCOMES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORT BANS, EXPORT RESTRICTIONS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TARIFF, FISH, FLOW OF TRAFFIC, FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, FREE TRADE ZONE, FREIGHT, FREIGHT FORWARDERS, FUEL, GASOLINE, GROSS MARGIN, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY PATROL, IMPORT BANS, IMPORT DATA, IMPORT PROCEDURES, IMPORT PROHIBITION, IMPORT STATISTICS, IMPORT TAX, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INSPECTION, INTEGRATION PROCESSES, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERNAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT IN ROADS, LEGAL RIGHTS, LOBBYING, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET PRICES, NATIONAL TRANSPORT, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, OIL, OUTSOURCING, OVERVALUATION, PASSENGERS, PERSONAL VEHICLES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLICE, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION DENSITY, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT, PRICE DIFFERENCES, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION COSTS, PROFIT MARGIN, PROFIT MARGINS, PROTECTIONISM, PROTECTIONIST, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, REAL INCOME, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL TRADE, ROAD, ROAD CONDITIONS, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, ROAD USERS, ROUTE, ROUTES, RULE OF LAW, RULES OF ORIGIN, SAFETY, SHOPS, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TAX, TIMBER, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE PATTERNS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY ENVIRONMENT, TRADE POLICY REVIEW, TRADE PROTECTION, TRADE REGIME, TRADE RELATIONSHIP, TRADE RELATIONSHIPS, TRADE TAXES, TRAFFIC, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSIT, TRANSIT TRADE, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT ACTIVITY, TRANSPORT CORRIDORS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT FACILITATION, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT SERVICE, TRANSPORT SERVICE PROVIDERS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTS, TRAVEL TIME, TRIP, TRIPS, TRUCKS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VEHICLE, WEATHER PATTERNS, WORLD MARKET, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION, WTO