Genetic evaluation of interspecific hybrids from white yam(Dioscorea rotundata) and wild yam( Dioscorea abyssinica x Dioscorea praehensilis)
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University of Ibadan
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Yams (Dioscorea spp.) play a crucial role in food security, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, yet their genetic improvement has been constrained by limited breeding resources and low genetic diversity in cultivated species. This study focuses on the genetic evaluation of interspecific hybrids derived from Dioscorea rotundata (white yam) and the progenies of Dioscorea abyssinica × Dioscorea praehensilis, two wild yam species known for their resilience to environmental stressors and disease resistance. The research aims to assess morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics of these hybrids to enhance breeding programs for improved yam varieties. The research underscores the importance of
leveraging wild yam genetic diversity. Morphological characterization was performed following the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) yam descriptors, analyzing traits such as leaf color, leaf length, petiole color, petiole length, stem color, number of leaves, vine length, and internode length. Statistical analyses revealed significant variability among hybrids, highlighting their potential for agronomic improvement. Molecular characterization involved DNA extraction and genetic marker analysis to assess hybridity and genetic variability. The study employed marker-assisted selection techniques to identify desirable genetic traits for potential breeding applications. Findings demonstrated the presence of unique genetic variations in interspecific hybrids, supporting the hypothesis that wild yam species harbor beneficial alleles that can be integrated into cultivated yam breeding programs. Cytogenetic studies were conducted to determine chromosome numbers and ploidy
levels, using chromosome staining techniques. TDx23002, TDx23006, TDx23007 and TDx230010 showed the highest variability. Results indicated diverse chromosome variation, showing the presence of polyploidy and aneuploidy, reflecting the genetic complexity of interspecific hybrids and their potential implications for hybrid fertility and stability. Keywords: Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea praehensilis, interspecific hybridization, genetic evaluation, yam breeding, food security.
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yams, genetics, hybrids, species, breeding, dioscorea rotundata