Agricultural extension in Ethiopia through a gender and governance lens

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dc.creatorMogues, Tewodaj
dc.creatorCohen, Marc J.
dc.creatorBirner, Regina
dc.creatorLemma, Mamusha
dc.creatorRandriamamonjy, Josee
dc.creatorTadesse, Fanaye
dc.creatorPaulos, Zelekawork
dc.date2009
dc.date2024-11-21T10:00:50Z
dc.date2024-11-21T10:00:50Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:28:01Z
dc.descriptionDrawing on a household survey collected in eight woredas in seven Ethiopian regions in 2009, as well as on qualitative fieldwork in four of the eight woredas, this paper provides analysis of agricultural extension delivery in Ethiopia. While overall extension services are relatively accessible in Ethiopia, there are differences in access between men and women, and particularly stark differences by region. Individual visits by public sector extension agents to household farms are by far the most common mode of extension delivery; alternative modes of extension (either in delivery method or type of service provider) play a rather limited role. Using the method widely applied in the "Citizen Report Card" approach, questions to farmers regarding satisfaction with services yielded near 100 percent reporting of satisfaction; however, the study also showed relatively low uptake of extension advice. This suggests the need to revisit or refine the Citizen Report Card method of eliciting satisfaction with services in this type of empirical context. Women's groups (e.g. the women's associations at the kebele level in rural areas) may be a promising approach to reach women with extension services; in some of the study sites, they were able to successfully link extension agents with women farmers and circumvent the socially sensitive issue of (male) extension agents providing advice to women one-on-one. However, the use of women's associations also for other matters, e.g. political mobilization of women, may weaken their promise in expanding access to extension services for women farmers. Finally, making agricultural extension demand driven remains a challenge in Ethiopia. While there is strong political will to expand agricultural extension in Ethiopia, the strong standardisation of extension packages arising from a pronounced top-down nature of public service delivery makes it difficult to tailor agricultural extension to farmers' needs. The incentives of extension agents are set in a way that they try to maximize farmers' adoption of standardized packages. The packages have become less rigid in recent years, with a menu of options now available to farmers. However, even the more diversified menu cannot substitute for the microlevel adaptation, the process that would make new inputs and practices more credible to farmers, and which only extension workers and their farmers can feasibly manage.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/162054
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/105249
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Institute
dc.publisherEthiopian Development Research Institute
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceMogues, Tewodaj; Cohen, Marc J.; Birner, Regina; Lemma, Mamusha; Randriamamonjy, Josee; Tadesse, Fanaye; Paulos, Zelekawork. 2009. Agricultural extension in Ethiopia through a gender and governance lens. ESSP II Discussion Paper 7. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/162054
dc.subjectagricultural extension
dc.subjectgovernance
dc.subjectgender
dc.subjecthousehold surveys
dc.subjectglobalization
dc.titleAgricultural extension in Ethiopia through a gender and governance lens
dc.typeWorking Paper

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)