Genetic test collections of poplars in the south-eastern part of European Russia for biodiversity preservation
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The relevance of research on biodiversity conservation corresponds to the trends of ideas of the last century, summarized in the Rio Convention (1992) and subsequent international acts. The greatest problem is the preservation of intraspecific diversity. According to the chromosomal inheritance theory of Sutton and Boveri, the number of possible phenotypes of two parents is expressed as 2n,and genotypes as 3n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes in the parents. In particular, for poplars this is ≈ 500 thousand different descendants, and the number of genotypes can be ≈ 4.6 billion. Taking into account the decoding of genome data, these values can be increased many times. In forest tree breeding researchers try to identify the most useful organisms or their aggregates from the existing varieties. Since its Foundation in 1971 the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology has been working to create an ex situ field collection fund of practically valuable clones, hybrids and varieties of poplars. The collections were created over the next 50 years, taking into account the recommendations of the field experience methodology. In different regions of the country the collections of hundreds clones and new hybrids in 5 locations; the variety testing sites in 15 locations; and root cutting plantations in 19 locations were created. Totally, 54.04 ha of poplar experimental objects were created in the South-Eastern part of the European territory of Russia. As a result of many years research, new varieties of poplars have been developed for plantation, protective and reclamation afforestation, as well as for landscaping in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of European Russia.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Genetic resources, Research, Poplar breeding, Poplar varieties.
ID: 3488495